fractures of the upper extremity

Question 1

closed fracture

Answer 1

the fractures stayed inside the skin

Question 2

open fracture

Answer 2

the fractures broke through the skin

Question 3

intra - articular

Answer 3

“into” joint space, considerations for treatment

Question 4

extra - articular

Answer 4

“out” of joint space, no involve of proximal or distal joint

Question 5

simple

Answer 5

two or less fragments

Question 6

comminuted

Answer 6

multiple fragments or fracture sites

Question 7

displaced

Answer 7

distal fragment abnormal in relation to proximal portion

Question 8

fixation

Answer 8

support for fracture site

Question 9

reduction

Answer 9

putting the fracture segments back into place

Question 10

primary healing

Answer 10

involves surgical intervention

Question 11

secondary healing

Answer 11

no surgical intervention

Question 12

ORIF:

Answer 12

open reduction internal fixation

Question 13

greenstick fracture

Answer 13

incomplete fracture characterized by a small crack and is most commonly found in children

Question 14

inflammatory phase:

Answer 14

1-2 weeks

Question 15

what happens inflammatory phase:

Answer 15

hematoma forms on the fracture site tissues come together to begin bone repair

Question 16

regeneration phase:

Answer 16

2-6 weeks

Question 17

regeneration phase def:

Answer 17

healing takes place, regrowth of bone & vascular tissue, soft callus turns to hard callus & direct union

Question 18

remodeling phase:

Answer 18

6 weeks to a year

Question 19

remodeling phase def:

Answer 19

strong bone tissue (ossification) is a t the rigidity of callus dramatically improves between 6 to 8 weeks

Question 20

what is more effective than aggressive elbow stretching?

Answer 20

towel roll

- don’t want to aggressively stetch elbow

Question 21

nickname for the elbow:

Answer 21

unforgiving

Question 22

static progressive splint uses&raquo_space;»> principles;

Answer 22

biomechanical principle of stress relaxation to restore ROM

Question 23

distal radius fractures are the ….

Answer 23

MOST COMMON Q

Question 24

FOOSH means

Answer 24

fall on outstretched hand

Question 25

ulnar abutment syndrome:

Answer 25

degenerative wrist condition where the ulnar head impacting upon the ulnar -sided carpal bones

Question 26

what leads to an ulnar abutment syndrome?

Answer 26

distal radial fracture --- which causes shortening of the bone

Question 27

dorsal angulation is called

Answer 27

colles

Question 28

volar angulation is called

Answer 28

smith

Question 29

which is less common colles or smith

Answer 29

smith - volar angulation

Question 30

which are easier to treat? non articular fracture or articular ?

Answer 30

non - articular can be treated non operatively with immobilization

Question 31

how can you treat a non articular fracture/

Answer 31

non operatively with immobilization

Question 32

articular fracture involves?

Answer 32

the joint surface and usually requires external fixation

Question 33

why is it harder to treat articular fractures?

Answer 33

they usually require external fixation

Question 34

where does the ulna move with ulnar abutment syndrome?

Answer 34

ulna migrates distally | w/ supination

Question 35

symptoms of ulnar abutment syndrome:

Answer 35

pain with WB & power grip | secondary to change in load

Question 36

Kienbrock's disease:

Answer 36

avascular necrosis of the lunate

Question 37

physician intervention after the radius is …..

Answer 37

closed reduction

Question 38

closed reduction is typically used on what type of fragments;

Answer 38

used with fractures that have only minor fragments, | usually non displaced / easily reduced / joint surface is preserved

Question 39

closed reduction is

Answer 39

a cast applied after the fracture is reduced set | - reduction of the fracture inside of the skin barrier

Question 40

three surgical fixation methods include:

Answer 40

arthroscopic pinning volar or distal plate and screws cast

Question 41

resistance for a MCP fracture

Answer 41

3-5 weeks

Question 42

resistance for a proximal phalanx shaft:

Answer 42

5 to 7 weeks

Question 43

resistance for middle phalanx fracture

Answer 43

10 to 14 weeks

Question 44

resistance for distal phalanx fracture

Answer 44

3 to 4 weeks