Francis Boyl Lecture Flashcards
(21 cards)
Starting on Slide 10
Mechanical part of immune system
Epithelial cells: skin gut lungs eyes/nose oral cavity
Movement of mucus by cilia
Chemical barriers to infection
Mucus, Sebum, antimicrobial peptides / proteins
examples mentioned: Pulmonary surfactant, low pH, antimicrobial enzymes, more
Microbiological barrier
commensal organisms
examples: normal microbiota
3 barriers of immune system
mechanical / chemical / microbiological
Moving on to Overview of Immune System
Where you can find immune cells
Can find immune cells / RBCs / platelets in long bone
dont care abt RBC and platelets
Immune cells = WBC (Leukocytes)
Myeloid cells
granulocytes and agranulocytes
Lymphoid cells can go into:
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Natural Killer cells: only lymphocyte that works in the innate system
granulocytes / agranulocytes = all part of innate system
basophils
neutrophils
mast cells
eosinophils
How to differentiate myeloid cells?
granulocytes: have granules to kill foreign pathogens. Neutroophils / eosinophils / basophils / mast cells
Agranulocytes: no granules. They kill via phagocytosis: Monocytes / Macrophages / Dendritic Cells
Plasma cell
cytoplasm filled with ER, due to a lot of protein synthesis. production of many antibodies
tell difference between myeloid and lymphoid
lymphoid: circulate in blood and migrate to 2o lymphoid organs to encounter antigens and become activated.
B-cells T-cells NK cels
cells begin to develop in bone marrow, then leave bone marrow
key tissues: Bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Can have MALT / BALT / GALT
all subcategories of MALT
Microenvironment important
microenvironment: environment that cells are in to help them perform.
All lymphoid tissue / organs / bone marrow have microenvironment.
just want to understand that its not just the cells, but the environment that they are in that is very crucial
example in the bone marrow:
Endosteal niche
bone lining -> contains stromal cells, osteoblasts
Perivascular niche
blood vessel lining -> secrete cytokines / growth factors, endothelial cells
examples: Neurons
just want to understand that its not just the cells, but the environment that they are in that is very crucial
Pathogen recognition
slide shows macrophage that has receptors on surface.
host cells have receptors that allow them to recognize
antigens
once receptors bind, can recognize and engulf via endocytosis.
Ur innate / adaptive cells have receptors that can bind and activate it and performe its immune function
adaptive response
cell-mediated immunity ->
humoral immunity -> b cells. can be found in humor / fluid of blood
innate response
also cell-mediated. But in adaptive there is both so u differentiate it, but innate is only cell-mediated.
First and second line of defense.
First: barriers first
2nd part: cellular response. Only occurs if theres a breach in area.
after: bring adaptive ….
innate response cont.
2 types of response
immediate response: first few hours
induced response: first few days
Adaptive system (adaptive rsponse)
activated by innate immune response
cell mediated: t cells (helper cells / cytotoxic cells)
