Free Response

Question 1

Moving down the periodic table, do elements become more or less metallic?

Answer 1

More metallic as you move down groups on the periodic table.

Question 2

Is the charge of a monatomic ion a diagonal relationship?

Answer 2

No! Charge changes from left to right but not up and down.

Question 3

What is the diagonal trend?

Answer 3

The common movement diagonally across the periodic table that many different characteristics display. (i.e. electronegativity, atom size, electron affinity)

Question 4

How do Pi bonds form?

Answer 4

Sideways overlap of two p-orbitals.

Question 5

How do sigma bonds form?

Answer 5

Direct overlap of s-orbitals, an s- and p-orbitals, or two p-orbitals along the internuclear axis.

Question 6

Van der Waals forces are more commonly known as…

Answer 6

London Dispersion Forces

Question 7

What are Trans Fats

Answer 7

Linear long chain hydrocarbons that solidify readily because of the multiple London forces sites.

Question 8

Why do HF, H2O, and NH3, have significantly higher boiling points than expected?

Answer 8

HYDROGEN BONDING!

Question 9

What elements must be combined with hydrogen for hydrobonding to occur?

Answer 9

O, F, or N.

Question 10

What is a temporary dipole?

Answer 10

A temporary state of charges sides in a nonpolar element. Also called instantaneous dipole. Temp dipoles cause weak bonds.

Question 11

What is the formula for Copper (II) Sulfate Pentahydrate?

Answer 11

CuS•5(H2O)

Question 12

What is the atomic number equal to?

Answer 12

Number of protons!

Question 13

How is mass represented in the atomic symbol of an element?

Answer 13

By “A” in the upper left corner.

Question 14

What is the atomic number represented by in atomic symbols?

Answer 14

“Z” in the lower left corner

Question 15

What resides in the upper right corner of an atomic symbol?

Answer 15

The charge of the ion that results from a loss or gain of electrons.

Question 16

What is needed to find the number of neutrons?

Answer 16

The number of neutrons may only be calculated if a specific isotopic mass of an element is known.

Question 17

What’s the formula for number of electrons of an ion?

Answer 17

e = Z - charge of the ion

Question 18

What is a cation?

Answer 18

A positive ion! Has lose electrons to become positive.

Question 19

What is an anion?

Answer 19

A negative ion! Has gained electrons to become more negative.

Question 20

What is the formula for finding number of neutrons?

Answer 20

Neutrons = A - Z

Or Mass - Atomic Number.

Question 21

What is the formula for finding protons?

Answer 21

“Z” protons are always equal to the atomic number.

Question 22

What are isotopes?

Answer 22

Elements with a different number of neutrons.

Question 23

What is one way isotope mass can be determined?

Answer 23

By Mass spectrometry

Question 24

Do metal group’s boiling and melting points increase or decrease down the group?

Answer 24

Decrease from top to bottom on the PT.

Question 25

Do the BP and MP of nonmetal increase or decrease down the PT?

Answer 25

Increase!

Question 26

How do Hydrogen Bonds affect BP/MP?

Answer 26

They have especially high BP/MP because of especially strong intermolecular forces.

Question 27

What are Allotropes?

Answer 27

An element that has two or more distinct sets of chemical and physical properties. Most common in Metalliods.

Question 28

What are the allotropes of O? | And of C?

Answer 28

O2 (oxygen gas) and O3 (ozone). | Graphite, Diamond, and Buckminsterfullerene (C60).

Question 29

What is ionization energy?

Answer 29

The energy needed to remove an electron from an atom completely. Always endothermic! Energy must be added to remove an electron.

Question 30

What is the photoelectric effect?

Answer 30

When high energy beans are trained on the surface of the elements, electrons can be ejected. Tells us the Binding Energy of electrons to an atom.

Question 31

What is electron affinity?

Answer 31

Charge that accompanies the addition of an electron. Follows the diagonal trend. Fluorine has the highest electron affinity.

Question 32

What is electronegativity?

Answer 32

Describes the attraction of electrons by individual atoms. It's a combination of ionization energy, affinity, and other factors. Also follows diagonal trend.

Question 33

How do electrons affect the size of ions?

Answer 33

Anions are bigger than the stable element and cations are smaller than the stable atom.