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Ethics > Free Will > Flashcards

Free Will Flashcards

1
Q

Hard Determinism

A

Our lives are completely determined and we have no free will

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2
Q

Hard determinist philosophers

A

Spinoza
Hospers
Voltaire

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3
Q

Spinoza

A

Our lives are the result of causes in a chain of infinite regress

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4
Q

Hospers

A

A good life is down to luck

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5
Q

Voltaire

A

It is unfair of us to expect someone to change who they are as it is not their fault

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6
Q

Lawyer

A

Darrow reduced sentence for murder from death to life

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7
Q

Behaviourism

A

Genetic heritage, social conditioning and subconscious influence cause our actions

e.g. pavlov’s dog

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8
Q

Predestination

A

We are free because of Adam and Eve’s freedom in the garden of Eden

But God is omniscient so already knows who will go to heaven

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9
Q

Predestination philosoher

A

Aquinas

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10
Q

Aquinas on predestination

A

God knows who wants to be a moral person, he does not make us act in a certain way but just knows how we will act

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11
Q

Libertarianism

A

We are totally free and are influenced by nothing and no one

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12
Q

Libertarianism philosopher

A

Van Inwagen and Hesienberg

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13
Q

Van Inwagen’s view

A
  • We choose what path to take

- If we were determined, we wouldn’t feel guilt

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14
Q

Heisenberg’s view

A

Physics shows that some events are random

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15
Q

Challenger to Heisenberg

A

Honderich

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16
Q

Honderich

A

Random behaviour is only seen on a sub-atomic level, not with human behaviour

17
Q

Existentialism philosopher

A

Satre

18
Q

Satre’s view

A

Everything in life depends on the individual and the meaning they give to it

19
Q

Soft determinism philospher

A

Kant

20
Q

Soft determinism

A

We are compelled by external factors but we still have the ultimate freedom in making moral choices

21
Q

Kant’s view

A

There are two types of reason

pure reason
practical reason

22
Q

Pure reason

A

Knowledge and the scientific world

Determined by external factors

23
Q

Practical reason

A

Actions of the will
Internal factor

No reason behind it, we are free to make decisions

Ethics (9 decks)

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