FREE WILL AND DETERMINISM

Question 1

what does free will not deny

Answer 1

that there may be some biological and environmental forces that exert some influence on our behaviour

Question 2

what approach advocates free will

Answer 2

humanism

Question 3

what is determinism

Answer 3

that an individuals behaviour is shaped or controlled by internal or external forces rather than an individuals will to do something

Question 4

what is hard determinism

Answer 4

ALL human behaviour has a cause and in principle it should be possible to identify and describe these causes

Question 5

what is hard determinism compatible with

Answer 5

aims of science - to uncover causal laws that govern thought and action

Question 6

who was first to put forward soft determinism

Answer 6

william james

Question 7

approach for soft determinism

Answer 7

cognitive

Question 8

what is soft determinism

Answer 8

all human action has a cause however there is some room for manoeuvre in that people have conscious mental control over the way they behave

Question 9

what kind of decisions can we make under soft determinism

Answer 9

rational and conscious decisions

Question 10

what are the 3 types of determinism

Answer 10

psychic, environmental, biological

Question 11

ex of physiological/neural processes not being under our conscious control

Answer 11

ans during periods of stress and anxiety

Question 12

key words when explaining biological determinism

Answer 12

physiological, neural, ans, mental disorders, genetic basis, hormones eg testosterone, adrenaline etc

Question 13

approaches/researchers for each type of determinism

Answer 13

bio - biological approach
environmental - behaviourism, skinner
psychic - freud

Question 14

explain the scientific emphasis on causal explanations

Answer 14

one of the basic principles of science is that every event in the universe has a cause and that causes can be explained using general laws - knowledge of causes ad the formulation of laws are important as they allow scientists to predict and control events in the future

Question 15

essay plan ao1

Answer 15

free will
- humanism
hard determinism
soft determinism
- james
- cognitive approach
biological determinism
- bio approach
environmental determinism
- behaviourism
psychic determinism
- freud
scientific emphasis on causal explanations
- features of science
- lab exps