Free Will & Determinism

Question 1

What is free will?

Answer 1

Humans free to make choices & not determined by biological or external forces. `

Question 2

What is determinism?

Answer 2

Behaviour controlled by internal or external forces rather than a persons will.

Question 3

Hard Determinism is also known as…

Answer 3

Fatalism

Question 4

What is Hard Determinism?

Answer 4

All human behaviour has a cause, identifiable. Behaviour compatible with aims of science - Actions dictated by internal or external forces.

Question 5

What is Soft Determinism

Answer 5

All human action has a cause but people have a mental/conscious control over behaviour.

Question 6

James (1890) - Viewpoint on SD:

Answer 6

Scientists should explain determining forces acting upon us, but still having freedom to make choices.

Question 7

Biological Determinism suggest behaviour is caused by?

Answer 7

Biological influences `

Question 8

What approach emphases biological determinism?

Answer 8

Biological Approach

Question 9

Assumptions that Biological Determinism makes:

Answer 9

• Physiological/Neurological processes not under conscious control - ANS & stress.
• Genetic Factors & Hormones may Determine behaviour

Question 10

Environmental Determinism suggests behaviour is caused by?

Answer 10

Environmental Influences

Question 11

What approach emphasises environmental determinism

Answer 11

Behaviourist Approach:

Question 12

Environmental Determinism sees ‘Free Will’ as

Answer 12

Illusion

Question 13

Assumptions that Environmental Determinism makes:

Answer 13

• Conditioning
• Choice - ‘REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCIES’
• Environmental Events & Agents of Socialisation

Question 14

Psychic Determinism is caused by

Answer 14

Unconscious Conflicts

Question 15

What approach emphasises psychic determinism:

Answer 15

Psycho dynamic Approach

Question 16

Psychic Determinism see ‘Free Will’ as

Answer 16

Illusion

Question 17

Assumptions that Psychic Determinism makes:

Answer 17

• Biological Drives & Instincts

- Unconscious Conflicts repressed in childhood

Question 18

The Scientific Emphasis on casual explanation

Answer 18

Every event has a cause. That cause can be explained using general laws. This allows control/predict events. Lab experiments - Control Extraneous variables.