Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

zpre-Modern History > Freedom Struggle > Flashcards

Freedom Struggle Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Balgangadhar Tilak?

A

Estd a social org-
DECCAN EDUCATION SOCIETY
(Society estd an edu institute-
Fergusson college in 1882)

Ganpati festival-1893
Shivaji festival-1895

No Tax,No Revenue campaign-1896

“Father of Indian unrest”
-Valentine Chirol(British journalist)
Thus BGT filed a case against him and went to London
Thus HRM dolly came to an end in 1918

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bgt’s papers?

A

Maharatta (English)
Kesari(marathi)

Lal bal pal +Aurobindo ghosh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Swadeshi &boycott based on what philosophy?

A

‘ATMA SHAKTI’
(Self Reliance)

Acc to this

Every person was to create self confidence in order to -

Promote indigenous goods&culture

Boycott foreign made goods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Contribution of swadeshi mvmnt in cultural sphere?

A

AMAR SONAR BANGLA-Tagore

Bande Mataram-Bankim Chandra Chatterjee

Thakurmar jhuli(collection of local folk stories of Bengal)-
Dakshina Ranjan Mitra Majumdar

Oriental society of art(institutional support given to cultural development)-1st recipient of scholarship-NANDLAL BOSE

ABANINDRA NATH TAGORE-abandoned British themes
&adopred Mughal &rajput themes

ACHARYA P.C.Ray(scientific personality)
Bengal chemical factory-for reducing dependency on imported chemical products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

AIML founders?

A

Nawab Aga Khan of Dacca

&

Nawab Mohsin-ul -mulk

In 1906

(This led to

  • alienation of Muslims from the swadeshi-boycott mvmnt
  • mutual suspicion among 2 religious groups(communal riots))
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Differences btw extremists&moderates during swadeshi?

A

In pace

&. Extention of the mvmnt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Surat split?

A

IN 1907
Presided by moderate leader-
RAS BEHARI GHOSH

Pherozeshah Mehta estd his control over congress and
Exterminated extremist leaders

Thus formal split

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Policy of British rule after Surat split?

A

Policy of conciliation-for moderates
Eg-MORLEY MINTO REFORMS COMMITEE

Policy of brutal suppression-for extremists
Eg-BGT was arrested(6yrs RI)
In MANDALAY JAIL(Burma)
Returned back in 1914

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1st Indian member in GG’s executive council?

As provided in Indian councils act-1909

A

SP SINHA

Head of law dept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Provision of separate electorates,how did it lead to growth in communalism in subcontinent?

A

Separate electorates emphasised on the idea that-
Political interest of the religious communities were distinct from each other

Thus with LUCKNOW PACT-
Congress made a blunder by validating the separate electorate provisions

&thus reinforcing the belief that
Political interests are distinct

This can be said to be the 1st step towards the growth &dvlpmnt of communalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Annie besant?

A

Irish reformer Came to India as a member of -
THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY
(Earlier HQ-New York
Later HQ-ADEYAR)

1-to promote religious reforms within Hinduism
2-contributed towards edu reforms by establishing
CENTRAL HINDU SCHOOL (Benaras)
Later it became-BHU by Madan Mohan Malviya

Home rule mvmnt-1916
Was arrested during the mvmnt

Congress president-Calcutta session-1917
(1st woman prez of INC)

Called off the mvmnt after
AUGUST DECLARATION in 1917 by sec of state(Montague)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Education institutes during British rule?( govt)

A

1st step-by WARREN HASTINGS
estd
CALCUTTA MADRASA in 1781
(Purpose-to promote Islamic learning through Persian or Arabic language)

FORT WILLIAM COLLEGE(Calcutta)-Wellesley
Hailey bury college in London
(ICS training institute-
So that they could be trained in Indian conditions and thus deliver efficient service)

British officer-JONATHAN DUNCAN
estd
SANSKRIT COLLEGE at Benaras in 1791
(Purpose-to promote religious,traditional learning through sanskrit language)

3 'CENTRAL UNIVERSITIES'were estd 
Under CHARLES WOOD's recommendations
(8On the pattern of British universities)
Calcutta
Bombay
Madras 
In 1857
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Edu institutions (pvt individuals+mvmnts)

A

BGT-estd Deccan education society
Which in turn estd FERGUSSON COLLEGE in 1882
BGT was a teacher in this institution

ANNIE BESANT-estd
CENTRAL HINDU SCHOOL
(BHU)

Kashi Vidyapeeth(Benaras)-
Jamia Millia Islamia(Aligarh)-Gandhi advocated for indigenous institutions to promote edu in India as British edu institutions were boycotted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Objectives of HRM?

A

:To spread the concept of “Swaraj”
Or self rule
In remotest corners of the country
(Mvmnt was not urban in character)

:to explain the meaning of “home rule” to common masses(through speeches,hand written notes,reading rooms&libraries in remotest places)

(These were practical &down-to-earth approaches)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Biggest achievement of HRM?

A

1st time National mvmnt percolated to mass level in real sense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

August declaration?

A

To check HRM

MONTAGUE declared in 1917

“Ultimate aim of BR in India is to
Associate more &more in admin system
To establish responsible govt in India”

To fulfill the promise,
Montague-Chelmsford Committee was constituted
Which led to GOI ACT-1919

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gandhi’s importance?

A

Gave an organised character to INM
sustained leadership to INM

He developed his technique of
Mass struggle in South Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gandhi’s important literary works?

A

INDIAN OPINION (1903)

HIND SWARAJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gandhi’s distinctive techniques for mass movement?

A

STRUGGLE-TRUCE-STRUGGLE

he believed in ‘long drawn struggle’
Instead of short struggle with quick&full solution

Through his strategy he wanted to move closer to his ultimate objective

(Active passive phases of INM,
Objectives can be achieved in a phased &organised manner)

Gandhi gave ample opportunity to his opposition to change stand
(Eg-he used call off mvmnt with even min change in stand of opposition)

Own forms of struggle like-
NCM
CDM
SATYAGRAHA 
HUNGER STRIKE
GRADUAL STARVATION("do or die")

Gandhi was against structural violence (not just against British authority but against every form of structural violence present..eg-patriarchy
Caste hierarchy
Unjust authority
Racial discrimination,etc)

Means also need to be justified to attain ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gandhi national movement during passive phase?

A

Adopted soci-cultural &economic dimensions

4 major programmes-
1)to promote Hindu-Muslim unity

2) to ensure emancipation of workers
3) to abolish untouchability

4)to promote CHARKHA&KHADI
(as symbols of economic self-reliance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Gandhian form of struggle-
NON COOPERATION?

CDM?

A

He advised his followers not to
Cooperate with exploitative&discriminatory authority

This form was further developed as
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MVMNT
(Whereby civilians are asked to disobey with reactionary regime )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

SATYAGRAHA?

A

Based on 2 imp components of-

Truth

Non-violence

(These components were borrowed from doctrine of JAINISM which marked an influence on Gandhi)

Techniques of ‘hunger strike’
‘Gradual starvation’
Also influenced by principles of Jainism (sallekhana)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gujrati merchant for whom Gandhi fought a case&shot contract for 1 year?

Gandhi’s political centre for carrying out struggle against racial discrimination in South Africa?

Gandhi being an effective fund raiser got funds from?

A

Dada Abdullah

Tolstoy farm (that acted as predecessor of several ashramas in India,most popular being-
Sabarmati Ashrama in Ahemdabad)

German friend-Kallenbach
Emerging Indian industrialist-
Sir Ratan Tata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Gandhi’s initial movements

A

Champaran satyagraha -North Bihar (1917)- RK Shukla

Ahemdabad mill owner’s case-
Ambalal Sarabhai
(His sister Anusuya Behn supported Gandhi)

Kheda-Sardar Vallabh BHAI Patel&
Indulal Yagnik

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Tinkathia system?
System in which farmers had to continuously cultivate indigo on 3/20th part of the land Forced by European planters(19th century) on peasants of Champaran So as to meet world demand for indigo for dyeing clothes By20th century-Germany invented synthetic dye Reduce in demand of indigo Farmers demanded sufficient compensation before being relieved from this system as due to continuous indigo cultivation soil fertility had been adversely affected Gandhi protested Result-35%of total compensation demanded was released by European planters Success
26
Ahemdabad mill owners case?
Mill owners had assured to pay "plague bonus" However after the calamity they refused to pay it Gandhi could not support any person against his ideals-thus he opposed even his close friend Ambalal Sarabhai Used hunger strike for the1st time Result-25%of the Amnt was provided In order to promote better relationship btw mill owners &workers, He emphasised on - Peaceful arbitration& Trusteeship Thus estd-Ahemdabad Textile Assn.
27
Kheda satyagraha?
Peasant's demands- Reduction in LR security of tenure for labourers Agricultural support Result-all the demands were accepted
28
Treaty imposed on Turkey?
Treaty of serves (imp region of THRACE of Turkey was captured by Britain) Thus khilafat mvmnt started by Ali bros(Shaukat & Mohd)
29
2 popular leaders of pj who protested against Rowlatt Act?
Dr Satyapal Dr Saifuddin kitchlew Common masses opposed this arbitrary arrest Thus Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919
30
NCM objectives?
To redress khilafat wrong To rectify pj disturbances To establish 'swaraj' Timing-on the day when BGT passed 1st August 1920-Nagpur session (M Viraraghavachari)
31
NCM features?
Large no of Indian lawyers abandoned their legal profession Large no of students left British estd institutions Thus Gandhi advocated indigenous edu institutions to promote edu in India so that education should not be in stake during active phases of INM thus-KASHI VIDHYAPEETH(Benaras) Jamia Millia Islamia(Aligarh) Large participation of women Biggest feature-Muslim participation These gave a real mass character to the mvmnt Boycott of foreign made goods, Thus affected the prestige of British crown in India
32
Pre congress regional associations?
Indian Calcutta association in 1876 S N Banerjee Anand Mohan Bose (A N Bose) (SNB&ANB) Madras Mahajan Sabha in 1884 ``` (G.Subraminye Aiyer M Vira Raghavachari T Anandacharlu) (MMS-ARC) Bombay Presidency Association1885 (Pheroze Shah Mehta Badruddin tyabji KT Telang) (BPA-BPT) ```
33
Where did Gandhi announce to withdraw NCM?
Bardoli-GJ
34
Swaraj party?
In Gaya Session of INC in1922,Swaraj party was announced by CR Das Formal existence of party-1jan 1923 With CR Das as President &Motilal Nehru as secretary Reason of formation- Difference of opinion among leaders of congress regarding how to utilise the period of truce. Swarajists(Pro-Changers)advocated for participation in Central Legislative Assembly 'No-Changers' advocated for Gandhian strategy of truce-(carrying 4 major programmes)- C Rajagopalachari Rajendra Prasad Election to central legislative council held in 1924 Speaker of central legislative council- Vithalbhai J.Patel
35
Speaker of Central legislative assembly?
Vithalbhai J Patel in 1925
36
Achievements of Swaraj party?
::election of speaker ``` ::Opposition to- Public Safety Bill (Whereby British authority wanted to curb civil liberty&political rights of Indian masses) & Trade dispute bill (Supposed to prohibit- Trade Unions& Collective bargaining of workers in India ) ``` Such opposition earned them huge respect &acceptability among masses They walked away collectively &renounced membership to start CDM-this act demonstrated their commitment towards political liberation of India ...which further earned them respect (These 2bills are also associated with Bhagat Singh&Battukeshwar Dutt bomb case)
37
Simon commission?
In 1926 British authority in London decided to review the whole scheme of 'DYARCHY' at provincial level that proved to be dysfunctional For this purpose-Simon commission constituted in 1927
38
Significance of Simon commission?
It acted as a 'catalyst' To energise masses in India for another phase of active struggle Since Lord Simon was not allowed to review the scheme of DYARCHY, He threw the challenge to Indian leaders to frame the provisions of future const of India Challenge accepted by congress Thus Expert Committee led by Motilal Nehru Submitted report during Calcutta session in1928
39
Proposals of Nehru report?
:Dominion status to India :Joint Hindu Muslim electorates :Universal adult franchise :Equal rights for women, et cetera
40
Nehru report?
Rejected by Jawaharlal Nehru as he was demanding complete independence for India Rejected by Muhammad Ali Jinnah now who wanted to take the responsibility of drafting future const of india He began to drift towards communal politics. And went forward to place demands in the form of-14 points (All these demands for radical demands that led to clear-cut separation of A I ML from I NC)
41
Main features of Lahore Session presided by?
Jawaharlal Nehru 1 TRICOLOR FLAG of India 2 'POORNA SWARAJ' 3 26 January 1930 as first Independence Day 4 Congress leaders authorised Gandhi to start CDM
42
Gandhi is 11 demands?
1 abolishing of salt Law 2 abolishing of forest law 3 release of political prisoners not charged with violence 4 provision of civil liberty for masses of India Demands rejected by Lord Irwin
43
Regional expressions of CDM?
1 Khudai Khidnatgars in NWFP 2 protest against forest law in Karnataka 3 temple entry movement (Depressed class movement in extreme south) 4 Rani Gaidilieu( in Nagaland,Manipur) 5 Anti chowkidar mvmnt(in Bihar,Bengal)
44
Unique features of CDM? Unique features of NCM? Unique features of QIM?
CDM – large women participation NCM – large Muslim participation QIM-large student participation CDM – most distinctive character was its all India presence through regional manifestations
45
Rani Gaidileu?
Peaceful movement in region of Nagaland Moment could not be sustained she was arrested and was released in 1947 by leaders of free India
46
Anti chowkidari campaign?
In return of Bengal and Bihar Local people protested against collection of toll charges in an arbitrary manner Got most with CDM
47
Protest against Forest law?
Region of Karnataka Where local masses and leaders oppose the provisions of FOREST LAW It prohibited with local people to utilise forest resources
48
What was the purpose of holding round table conferences?
1 to consider the report submitted by Lord Simon In the third sitting of round table conference the final draft of GO I act 1935 was made To discuss Indian affairs First session of RTC in November 1930 No representation of INC thus futile Second ITC
49
Proposals of Cabinet Mission?
Cabinet 13 separate group of groups of state 2 Indian should frame their Constitution (Constituent assembly) Interim government by Indian leaders
50
Gandhi Irwin pact?
Two of these Gandhi and I NC leader Gandhi Irwin pact was finalised 11 demands of Gandhi were accepted So Gandhi ji suspended CDM and went to London for second RTC Gandhi demanded "Dominion status for India " It was rejected He returned back empty-handed Lost mass support
51
Third RTC
Elaborate discussion on Indian Administration British parliament enacted GEOI act of 1935 thereby
52
Ramsey McDonald's communal award
Because of deliberations in all the three RTC Ambedkar convinced British apology to take effective measures Swiss to improve the status of depressed classes Communal award in 1932 Separate electorates in cENTRAL legislative Council and provincial legislative Council
53
Why did Gandhi opposed communal award
It was based on accepting "depressed classes" as a distinct community from Hindu society Where as Gandhi considered members of depressed classes as an "Integral part of India " And to emphasise on the special status. He coined the term "HARIJAN" Does Poona pact between Gandhi and Ambedkar in 1932
54
Poona Pact
Reservation of seats was provided on the basis of untouchability
55
What were the consequences of GO I act 1935?
Provincial elections – 1937 – I NC won Difference in opinion among I NC – whether to join government or not CA Rajagopalachari form government ``` I NC – absolute majority in 6/11 provinces : United provinces : Central province : Bombay : Madras : Bihar : Orissa ``` In NWFP, Sindh,Assam – Formed government Non-Congress government – PJ and Bengal
56
Punjab government in In 1937 elections Government in Bengal
Unionist party – Sikandar Hayat Khan ``` Coalition government(MUSLIM LEAGUE) and regional political party (KRASAK PRAJA PARTY) HS SUHRAWARDY ```
57
Events leading to communalism?
1 A I ML-1906 2 I NC accepted separate electorate demand of Muslim league 3 Nehru report rejected by Jenna Communal shift – 14 points (demands 4 I NC a I ML split 1929 51937 elections Punjab began to demand their separate Indian territory 6 Rahmat Ali Who coined the term Pakistan 7 a IML formally demanded Pakistan in law session in 1940
58
1937 Congress government actions and achievements?
Gave all forms of Civil Liberties and political rights to masses in nine provinces Supported as in movements and working class movement is thoroughly Freedom of press and public opinion were ensured All the steps lead to mass popularity of Congress leaders Do you all resign from provincial governments collectively to participate in mass movement This act earned them respect
59
August offer?
August 1940 India would be given "DOMINION STATUS "in near future No constitutional development can take place in India against the wishes of minority communities (veto power – come into litres of India)
60
So Stafford Cripps?
Member of British cabinet Game is proposed in 1942 GRIPS PROPOSAL India would be given "DOMINION STATUS "after the end of World War II Constitutional development cannot take place without minority communities Gandhi convene a special meeting of AICC at Bombay on 8 August 1942 – declaration of Q IM
61
"DO OR DIE "
Given by Gandhi Indicated is minute in mood But he emphasised – That Indians will either librate their motherland or sacrifice their life peacefully

zpre-Modern History (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions