French Revolution Flashcards
(100 cards)
0
Q
What Estates made up the largest population in France?
A
3rd
1
Q
What were the Estates?
A
Status groups
2
Q
Which Estate paid the most taxes?
A
3rd
3
Q
Which Estate was the clergy in?
A
1st
4
Q
Which Estate were the nobles in?
A
2nd
5
Q
Which Estate had the least amount of rights and privileges?
A
3rd
6
Q
Who were the bourgeoisie?
A
Middle class Leaders of revolution
7
Q
What Estate were the bourgeoisie in?
A
3rd
8
Q
What were the causes of the French Revolution?
A
- Financial crisis
- Enlightenment thinking
- Weak leadership
- Failure to reform
9
Q
Who were the King and Queen in France at the beginning of the French Revolution?
A
Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette
10
Q
Why did the King call an Estates General meeting?
A
Raise taxes
11
Q
Explain the disagreement about voting the Estate General meeting
A
1st and 2nd could outvote 3rd
Vote by estate
12
Q
Who was Necker? Why was his dismissal by the king significant?
A
Minister of finance
He was supportive of the Assembly
13
Q
What was the cause of the storming of the Bastille? (What did the king do to make people mad?)
A
- Dismissed Necker
2. King summoned Swiss and German mercenaries
14
Q
Why did the rioters go to the Bastille? (What were they looking for?)
A
Ammo
15
Q
What did the people do to the Bastille after they got what they wanted? Why did they do this?
A
Tore it apart brick by brick
Symbolized the monarchy
16
Q
What was the slogan of the French Revolution?
A
Liberty, equality, brotherhood
17
Q
What did the 3rd Estate call themselves at the General Estates meeting?
A
National Assembly
18
Q
Why did the 3rd Estate hold their meeting at an indoor tennis court?
A
They were locked out of the Estates meeting
19
Q
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
A
Start of Revolution
Swore to meet until the drafted a new constitution
20
Q
How did the storming of the Bastille change the mind of the King? (What did he allow the Estates to do at the Estates General meeting?)
A
Persuaded the king to let assembly finish it’s work
Voting by head
21
Q
Explain the difference between a Monarchy and a Constitutional Monarchy
A
Monarchy: King/Queen has all the power
C. Monarchy: people have power
22
Q
What was the name of the palace the King and Queen lived in?
A
Palace of Versailles
23
Q
Why did women march to and then storm the Kings palace?
A
High price of bread
Poor conditions
24
What did the group of woman force to King and Queen to do? Explain their reason for wanting the King and Queen to do what they wanted.
March to Paris
| Wanted king to pay more attention to county's needs
25
What was the significance of the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen?
Gave people power and rights
26
Why did the King and Queen try and flee to Austria? What happened along the way?
Queen was connected to royal families
| They were caught and sent back
27
Name the 2 groups in the National Assembly at this time
Girondins
| Jacobins
28
Which group wanted to spare the Kings life, and which group wanted to execute the King?
Girondins- spare
| Jacobins- execute
29
After the King had lost power, who became leader o France?
Committee of Public Saftey
30
What was the Reign of Terror? (Why were thousands of people being executed during this time?)
Lots of people suspected of being counter-revolutionary killed
31
Who was the leader during the Reign of Terror?
Robespierre
32
Who were the San-Culottes, and why were they important during the Reign of Terror?
They killed thousands of political prisoners
| Stressed their differences from upper class
33
Who were the Émigrés?
Someone who leaves
34
What religion did Robespierre create?
Cult of Supreme Being
35
What 2 reasons led the people to turn on Robespierre?
1. National genocide
| 2. New religion
36
Who was in charge after Robespierre was executed?
Directory
37
Describe the outcome of the Directory from 1795-1799
Failure
38
What was the title given to Napoleon's military force?
Grand Army
39
How did Napoleon gain control of the government?
He met with a member of the Directory and they both took it down
40
What were the Nepoleonic Codes?
```
Reestablish the Catholic Church
Bank of France
No nobles or titles at birth
Gov jobs to most qualified
Legion of honor
```
41
Explain what happened to Napoleon's army in Russia?
Lots were killed
Lots starved
Lots gorged themselves
42
What was the 3rd coalition?
European countries that came together against Napoleon
43
What happened at the Battle of Nations?
French were crushed
44
What does abdicate mean?
Relinquish power
45
After Napoleon was abdicated the first time, where did he go?
Elba
46
While Napoleon was gone, who took power in France?
Louis XVIII
47
Why were people upset with the new ruler?
Raised taxes
| Dismissed thousands from army and administration
48
How did Napoleon regain control of France?
He walked right in
49
Were other European countries pleased that Napoleon was back in power?
Not at all
50
What happened at the battle of Waterloo?
Napoleon was defeated
51
After Napoleon was abdicated the second time, where was he exiled?
St. Helena
52
How did he die?
Chronic stomach ailment
| Possibly arsenic poisoning
53
List the rulers in France after Napoleon
1. King Louis XVIII
2. Charles X
3. Louis Phillipe
4. Louis Napoleon
54
When the first French Revolution started what did Louis XVIII do?
Fled
55
Explain the important role Louis XVI played during the first French Revolution
1. Dismissed necker
2. Reversed position on voting
3. Summoned Swiss and German mercenaries
56
Why didn't Louis XVIII ever rule as King of France?
He died
57
What was Talleyrand's role in restoring Bourbon power in France?
He negotiated with King Louis XVIII to bring back Bourbon regime
58
What type of government did Louis XVIII rule over over in France?
Royalist/Legislative
59
What powers did Louis XVIII have under the above mentioned government?
1. Executive power
| 2. Legislative initiative
60
Who were the Ultras?
Right wing, royalist majority of the legislative
61
What did Louis XVIII do to get rid of the Ultras?
Dissolved parliament
62
After Louis XVIII death who took over as king of France?
Charles X
63
How did the new kings views differ from Louis XVIII?
He increased power of clergy
| Wanted power back to clergy and nobility
64
How many years was Charles X the King?
6
65
What was the goal of the series of laws passed by Charles X shortly after he took power? (What was he trying to do?)
Bolster the power of nobility and clergy
66
Define indemnity
Sum of money paid as compensation especially a sum exacted by a victor in war as one condition of peace
67
What was Polignac's title and what was his aim for France?
Prince
| Wanted presidential election
68
Explain the "Fan Affair"
French invade Algeria because the King of Algeria hit a French diplomat with a fan. French conquered Algeria.
69
Why did France attack Algeria?
1. Distract from internal affairs
| 2. Increase patriotism
70
What did the "July Ordinances" do?
Restricted press and suffrage
71
What was the peoples reaction to the "July Ordinances"?
Didn't like
| Revolution of 1830
72
What caused the Revolution of 1830?
1. Charles X parliament
2. Altered the electoral system
3. Censored the papers
73
The Revolution of 1830 is also referred to as:
1. Three Days of Glory
| 2. July Revolution
74
Painting name and artist
Artist: Delecrois
Title: Liberty Leading the People
75
Explain what happened to Charles X?
He disguised himself and his family and fled to Great Britain.
76
Who did Charles X abdicate his power in favor of?
His cousin Louis Phillipe as regent
77
Who needed up actually takin over? How did this happen?
Louis Phillipe
| He was left in charge so he just never gave up power
78
Why did the people like Louis Phillipe? What was he often referred to as?
He was fair
| The Citizen King
79
Explain the significance in Louis Phillipe being called "King of the French" instead of "King of France"?
He was King of the people, not of the land
80
Who were Legitimist? Orleanist?
Legitimist- supporters of Henry V
| Orleanist- supporters of Phillipe
81
What led to the Revolution of 1848?
Industrialization
Urbanization
Political Ideologies
82
Who was Louis Cavaignac and what was his role in the 1848 Revolution?
General
Leader of the army of the coalition
Assumed doctoral powers and crushed the revolt
83
Who was elected president under the new French Constitution in 1848?
Napoleon III
84
Explain how the Second French Republic ended?
Napoleon III made himself emperor and thus changed republic to empire
85
What type of government replaced the Second Republic? Who was the head of this new form of government?
2nd Empire
| Napoleon III
86
What caused the end of the Second Empire?
France lost to Prussia in the Franco-Prussian was
87
Who was the leader of Prussia?
Otto van Bismarck
88
Where was the French Government established during the Third French Republic?
Versailles
89
What happened at the hall of mirrors at the Palace of Versailles? Why was this humiliating?
Bismarck crowned King of Germany
| Germany had just defeated France
90
Why did Parisians oppose the new government?
1. Too royalist
2. Too conservative
3. Too willing to accept humiliating defeat
91
Who was the president of France at the beginning of the Third Republic?
Adolphe Theirs
92
What was the Paris Commune?
In September 1870 the 3rd republic was proclaimed after the defeat of Napoleon III at Sedan
Elected on 28 March
Symbol was red flag
93
Who were the Communards?
Communist group that tried to take over France
94
What did the Treaty of Frankfurt do?
Ended the Franco-Prussian war
95
What area of France was lost to Germany under the Treaty of Frankfurt?
1. Alcaise
| 2. Eastern Lorraine
96
How much money did France have to pay Germany under the Treaty of Frankfurt?
5 billion francs
97
What were the 2 families that believed they were the rightful heir to the throne?
1. Orleans
| 2. Bourbons
98
Summarize the Boulanger Affair
Boulanger was one of the few republican generals in the army.
Appointed minister of war.
Improved welfare for troops.
Attacked German policy.
Speeches worried the gov so he was removed.
Now national figure for opposition to gov.
Support increased when the president's son was found selling favors.
President Grevy kicked out of office.
Boulanger received support from socialists and unemployed.
1888 removed from army to fin for election.
Supporters wanted him to start a revolution but he hesitated and the moment was lost.
Gov began legal proceedings.
He fled.
99
Summarize the Dreyfus Affair
Army soldiers were forging letters to set up Dreyfus as a spy, he was put in prison. Army hid that he was innocent. Dreyfus was tried again and found guilty on evidence that was proven false. Charges dropped. Dreyfus was put back in army. Retired
