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French Revolution Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

State the amount of people in each estate

A 
Clergy - 135,000
Nobility - 400,000
Middle classes - 1,000,000
Non agricultural workers - 2,000,000
Peasants - 22,000,000
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2
Q

What was the number of delegates in each estate for the states general

A

First estate -300
Second estate -291
Third estate -610
Total -1201

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3
Q

What made up the monarchy

A 
Marie Anotoinette and Louis XVI
positions hereditary 
Extravagant wealth
Divine right of kings 
Palaces : Versailles and twilleires
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4
Q

What made up the upper clergy

A 
Bishops and Abbots
Wealthy
Worldly
Many privileges 
Often second sons of nobility 
Paid by 3rd estate and monarchy
Catholic Church
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5
Q

What made up the lower clergy

A 
Parish preasts
Tiny salaries
Rely on charity
Not privileged like upper clergy
From 3rd estate
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6
Q

What is the nobility divided into

A

Nobles of the court
Nobles of the gown
Seigneurs

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7
Q

What did the nobles of court consist of

A 
Often lived at the palace 
Had influence over the monarchy
Privileged 
Constantly available to the king
Rewarded with money (Royal pensions ) and invitations to Festivities
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8
Q

What did the seigneurs consist of

A 
French for "lord"
Landowners
Employed peasants to work land 
Often had another residence in the town
Did not alway take care of land
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9
Q

What did the nobles of the gown consist of

A

Judges , administrators
Gown = academic gown
Positions could be bought for large sums of money

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10
Q

What did the bourgeoise consist of

A 
Middle class
Bankers , lawyers , traders , craftsman
Wealthy , lived in towns or cities
Educated and ambitious 
Pay high taxes , no say in politcs 
Can't rise to the second estate ( usually)
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11
Q

What did the peasants and serfs consist of

A

Worked on nobles land
Very poor - subsistence farming (live off what you grow)
Pay taxes to their nobles or worked without pay
Very difficult to survive
Some had to move to town to get another job to survive (low paid work)

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12
Q

What is tithe tax

A

10% of salary goes to Catholic Church

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13
Q

What is polltax

A

Paying tax for family member

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14
Q

Salt tax

A

Paying for salt

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15
Q

Colvee tax

A

Paying tax through work

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16
Q

Feudal taxes

A

Peasants pay nobles to work their land

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17
Q

How old was Louis when he ascended the French throne

A

19 years old

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18
Q

What did Louis youth then mean

A

He was an immature and indicisive leader

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19
Q

Who was Louis married to

A

An Austrian princess - Marie Antoinette

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20
Q

Where did Louis live

A

The palace of Versailles

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21
Q

What was Louis “state”

A

Absolute monarchy with despotic power

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22
Q

What is the feudal system

A

People believed he was there by divine right and that the king would only answer to God . People had no real say

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23
Q

What is the Kings strongest expression , and what does it mean

A

“Lattre de catchet” anyone could by arrested without trial

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24
Q

What was argued about Louis and Marie

A

They were isolated to the needs of the people , Louis had a weak character not fit for leadership .

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25
What were Louis and Marie described as
Louis - pious and sincere man | Marie - struggled to understand French people
26
Who was Louis controller general
Charles Alexandre de Cannone
27
What happened that caused estates general
Financial reform that privileged classes would have to pay land tax Second estate not happy ,to prevent second estate revolt king summoned estates general
28
What is an estates general
Assembly with clergy , nobility and middle class for first time since 1614
29
When was the estates general scheduled for
May 5 1789
30
What would be on the first estate list of grieviences
Not receiving all due tax Restraint 3rd estate Tax is to low Defend all privileges
31
What would the nobles have on their list of grieviences
Greater power / say ( nobles of the land) Clergy pays tax Less tax More land
32
What would the peasants have on their list of grieviences
``` Equality Remove most taxes Rights More political power Democracy ```
33
What was the tennis court oath
3rd estate was angry because Louis said classes would meet seperately . 3rd estate then formed a group called National Assembly . They made a new constitution for France .
34
Why did Louis agree everyone would meet with the NA
He was scared they would revolt
35
What percent did the member of the third estate now represent
98 percent
36
What did Louis decide at the tennis court oath
That classes would meet and vote seperately
37
Why was the third estate angry that estates were voting seperately
They wanted first and second estate to agree with the,
38
What response did members of the third estate do when Louis divided the classes
They formed a group called the National Assembly
39
What did the National Assembly do
They decided to make a new constitution for France
40
What is a constitution
Guidelines Foundation principles that country believes No law can conflict
41
Why is it called the tennis court oath
It happened in a tennis court
42
When was the National Assembly made
12 June
43
When was the first time Louis gave into the third estate
He agreed for everyone to meet with the NA as he was scared of a revolt
44
What was the first victory of the third estate
National Assembly - they could now implement reforms they desired
45
Why do people think the tennis court oath was the start of the revolution
It was a large scale impact , involving people that made a significant difference
46
Why did many people move from the French countryside to Paris
Because of crop failures - 1787,1788
47
Why did many people roam the streets in 1787 and 1788
The factories in Paris could not absorb the incoming rural population of unemployed people
48
Which people could become angry and why
The people that roamed the streets , as they had hunger plus rage and they were jobless
49
What did the people that roamed the streets believe
That the king , the first estate and the second estate were trying to stop any real changes that the NA made
50
Who and when encouraged the Paris mob to march to the Bastille
On July 14 the journalists and orators
51
What is an orator
Public speaker
52
What is the Bastille and what does it accommodate
State prison that accommodated political prisoners ( political bellies ) and criminals
53
What was Bastille a symbol of
Inequalities in France and the power of the kings imprisonments without trial
54
What did the Paris mob do to the Bastille
It was seized and demolished . The governer and most of the members of garrison were killed . Only 7 prisoners found
55
What were the results and significance of the fall of the Bastille
Tangible destruction of old order Bastille day - 14 July celebrated every year National Assembly given power by King to reorganize France
56
When and what is the tricolor flag
The revolutionary flag made after the fall of the Bastille- red , blue and white
57
What did the fall of the Bastille encourage the third estate in the countryside to do
Revolt .
58
Explain the great terror
The third estate revolt 20 July Chateaux and abbeys were burnt and many landlords killed Nobles fled France
59
What happened at st bartholomews night of property
``` NA assembly convinced 2nd and 1st estate that their unfair privileges made third estate angry . Evening of 4 August 1789 1st and 2nd estate gave up privileges Legally equal to third estate All classes pay taxes End of feudal system ```
60
What is a preamble
Introduction of constitution | Main principles constitution based on
61
What did the NA name the preamble
Decoration of the rights of man and citizen
62
Name 3 philosophers
Voltaire Rousseau Montesquieu
63
What caused march on Versailles
France suffering from food - crop failures | King having huge banquets
64
What happened in October 1789
Women took action
65
What did the women chant as they marched
"The baker , the bakers wife and the bakers son "
66
Who accompanied the women
Lafayette and the national guard
67
What did the women mob do
Murdered royal body guard Demanded bread from King Threatened to kill queen
68
What did Lafayette and the national guard do at the March of Versailles
Accompanied women | Saved the king and persuaded him to listen to women
69
What happened after the king relented to the women
``` Royal family travelled to Paris Capital city - Tuileries (empty palace for more then a century) Became prisoners of the mob Wagons filled with wheat and flour Women cheered and sang to Paris ```
70
What would the National Assembly do after the March of Versailles
Changes to social , economic and political systems
71
How did the National Assembly know the king would agree after the March of Versailles
He was in Paris and feared for his life
72
What was France traditionally divided up into
Clergy - first estate Nobility - second estate Everyone else - third estate

History (4 decks)

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