Freshwater

Question 1

what is infiltration

Answer 1

When water enters or seeps into something, e.g the soil.

Question 2

What is surface run-off

Answer 2

The access amount of water that flows over the surface

Question 3

evapotranspiration

Answer 3

Everything that is evaporated into the air

Question 4

through flow

Answer 4

The flowing of water in the soil, e.g in small streams towards a river

Question 5

what type of system is a drainage basin

Answer 5

an open system

Question 6

What is an example of an output

Answer 6

Evaporation

Question 7

What is the hydrological cycle

Answer 7

the cycle of water that describes the continual movement of water

Question 8

What is an open system

Answer 8

something that allows movement of energy and matter across its boundaries.

Question 9

What is the main input in a drainage system

Answer 9

Precipitation

Question 10

What are some factors effecting evaporation

Answer 10

vegetation cover, colour of the surface and the amount of water available

Question 11

what is potential evapotranspiration

Answer 11

the water loss that would occur if there was an unlimited supply of water in soil for use by vegetation.

Question 12

What does groundwater occur as a result of

Answer 12

• Infiltration of part of the total precipitation at the ground surface
  
  • Seepage through the banks and bed of surface water bodies such as ditches, rivers, lakes and oceans
  • Groundwater leakage and inflow from adjacent rocks and aquifers
    Artificial recharge from irrigation, reservoir and so on.

Question 13

What is river discharge

Answer 13

River discharge is the volume of water passing a given point over a set of time.

Question 14

what is an example of a store

Answer 14

vegetation

Question 15

What is Through flow

Answer 15

Water that either falls through gaps in vegetation or which drops from leaves, twigs or stems

Question 16

Stemflow

Answer 16

the flow of intercepted water that flows down the trunk or stem

Question 17

What is soil moisture

Answer 17

Soil moisture refers to the subsurface water in the soil

Question 18

What is field capacity

Answer 18

refers to the amount of water held in soil after excess water drains away

Question 19

What is the wilting point

Answer 19

the minimum amount of water a plant needs not to wilt

Question 20

what is recharge

Answer 20

the refilling of water in pores where the water has dried up or been extracted by human activity.

Question 21

how can we describe water flow as

Answer 21

turbulent, NOT uniform

Question 22

What is lamer flow

Answer 22

the movement of water in a series of sheets. It is common in groundwater and glaciers, but not in rivers

Question 23

Approach segment

Answer 23

A rivers flow before a storm

Question 24

Rising Limb

Answer 24

the rivers response to the rainfall period.

Question 25

Peak discharge

Answer 25

occurs when the river reaches its highest level.

Question 26

Lag time

Answer 26

the period between maximum precipitation and peak discharge.

Question 27

Falling or recession limb

Answer 27

where discharge is decreasing and river levels are falling.

Question 28

Stormflow

Answer 28

The discharge from a storm

Question 29

Baseflow

Answer 29

maintains the rivers flow during periods of low precipitation by realising water slowly.

Question 30

Bankfull discharge

Answer 30

occurs when a rivers water level reaches the top of its channel; any further increase in discharge will result in flooding.