FRG - Education Flashcards
(28 cards)
What was the aim of education in the FRG
mainly focused on recovering from the war and de-nazifying the curriculum.
also wanted to stop the reintroduction of confessional schools and restructure the current system
wanted to promote democratic ideas through the education and eventually acknowledge the past to help prevent it
They wanted to stop the reintroduction of confessional schools and restructure the current system,
while this was a ….. process, it eventually led to…
- slow
- an increase in working class children attending secondary and higher education
What were the problems in education in the FRG
- Lack of buildings
- Large classes due to a shortage of teachers
- Unqualified teachets/ Nazi teachers
- Difficulty agreeing on policy due to the way the FRG was split - hard to agree on a system
- Wanted to keep some existing schools from WR system e.g gymnasia
- Shortage of teaching materials (were resources modern enough?)
- The Allies wanted primary and secondary systems to be…..
- Britain and France wanted …… systems to the US
- The Allies wanted primary and secondary systems to be the same for all
- Britain and France wanted similar systems
In the US zone, what proof is there that schools were over capacity?
- they had a class size of 85
- there were 510,000 children 6-10 with no schools to go to, as they had been bombed or converted to other uses
The Americans brought in over … millions textbooks and tried to introduce an …………-style system, with …….. schools leading to university
The Americans brought in over 5 millions textbooks and tried to introduce an American-style system, with elementary, middle, and high schools leading to university
Did the Soviets undertake DeNazification in schools?
- The Soviets also weeded out Nazi teachers and set up teacher training courses
- They had 40,000 teachers, all from working-class backgrounds - teaching communist values too
What evIdence is there of change in the role of teachers in the FRG
- Nazi teachers removed
- Nazi professors in university removed
- Former Nazi teachers could move to different zones i.e. British and French zones were more lenient
What evidence is there of change in the role of teachers in the FRG - French Zone
- In the French zone teachers were sent over from France and French became compulsory for German children
What evidence is there of change in the role of teachers in the FRG - US Zone
- Teachers in US zone focused on teaching democratic values/also teacher exchange programmes with USA led to influence of US culture in FRG.
What evidence is there of continuity in the role of teachers in the FRG
- By 1947 more than 85% of former Nazi school teachers in Bavaria were back teaching in schools
What change was there in universities
- Universities expanded - 24 new unis in West Germany by 1975
- Federal Education Promotion Act provided a mixture of state funding and loans to encourage working class students to attend uni
- Number of students in unis increased from 200,000 in 1960 to 1.9 million in 1992
Summarise how much change there was in the structure of the education system in the 1920s
- OVERALL more restructuring in the 1970s and 80s
- BUT the tripartite selective system remained and comprehensives failed to take hold
What failed attempts at reform in the structure of education were there
- Willy Brandt tried to establish a Federal Ministry of Education and Science —> his reforms were limited due to powers of states
- he wanted a federal framework to help disadvantaged children and to reform university structure —> failed to get it passed in the Bundesrat.
- discussions on making education fairer, introducing comprehensives —> lander and federal government could not agree
What evidence is there of no change in the structure of education in the FRG
- Tripartite system remained - most academic went to gymnasium
- Abitur qualification remained to get to higher education
What major change in the control of education took place
- Article 30 Lander remained —> they became responsible for education which meant educational opportunity and curriculum varied between regions
- Federal spending on education in 1960s was low
Why was the Lander having control of education slightly problematic
- made it harder to reform education as the Federal government could not always make the Lander adopt their proposals
- Hard to standardise despite Dusseldof Agreement
- e.g fewer secular schools in the South than the North
What was the agreement which reformed educational structure from the 50s
- 1955 - Dusseldorf agreement regulated and standardised education across the states
Curriculum …… between Lander
varied widely
How did the FRG teach history - with a national - European focus
- it was agreed that the Nazi propagandist view of History should not be taught
- but should the Nazi period be taught? How should WWl be taught?
- This led to dry factual teaching be taught, often with a focus on European and not German history
Worries about student ………………. due to differences in education between lander.
underachievement
May 1946 - allies banned…..
- Nazi school books, films and slides that taught racial theory
What was the concern over demographics
- Concerns over gender inequalities too - fewer girls went to gymnasiums
Reform of the …….. curriculum due to it being seen as…..
- Reform of the university curriculum due to it being seen as old fashioned with poor facilities
