frig

Question 1

cloud shapes

Answer 1

cumuls
stratus
cirrus

Question 2

cumulus cloud

Answer 2

puffy clouds with flat bases formed by convection currents or air maxes meeting

Question 3

stratus clouds

Answer 3

flat, shapeless layers formed when air masses meet or a layer of air is pushed up the side of a mountain range. sometimes by conduction through cool ground surface (fog)

Question 4

cirrus clouds

Answer 4

made of ice crystals which are formed when very little water vapour is in the air

Question 5

rain clouds

Answer 5

stratus and cumulus: nimbostratus and cumulonimbus

• drops must be at least 0.5mm to fall (mist)
• rain is formed when colliding and blending together

Question 6

snow

Answer 6

crystals in the air remain below freezing point all the way to the ground

• colder air: thin flakes
• warner air: clumpy flakes

Question 7

sleet

Answer 7

warm near the cloud (rain) and below freezing near the ground (freezes to ice pellets)

Question 8

freezing rain

Answer 8

when the air is warm but the ground is below freezing, rain freezes instantly after touching the ground

Question 9

hail

Answer 9

frozen raindrops. rain is blown around into cold droplets in air and freeze

Question 10

front

Answer 10

some between air masses

Question 11

cold front

Answer 11

moving cold air mass overtakes warmer air mass. dense, cold air moves underneath warmer air and pushes it upward (creates cumulus clouds)

Question 12

warm front

Answer 12

warm air mass overtakes a cooler one. warm air gently rises over top of cold air mass

Question 13

stationary front

Answer 13

non moving cold/warm air masses meeting

Question 14

occluded front

Answer 14

cold front catching up to a slow moving warm front and meeting with a cold front

Question 15

high pressure system

Answer 15

air is descending, exerting pressure below it. air mass forms over ground, air cools and settles lower, causing pressure to build

Question 16

low pressure system

Answer 16

rising air, leaving less dense air. generally smaller than a high pressure system

Question 17

anticyclone

Answer 17

result of the coriolis effect on a high pressure cell is a clockwise rotation

Question 18

cyclone

Answer 18

low pressure air, rotating in a counterclockwise direction

Question 19

thunderstorms

Answer 19

formed from cumulus clouds which change into cumulonimbus clouds, only a small percentage become thunderclouds

Question 20

t storm stage 1

Answer 20

formation of cumulus clouds which change into thunderclouds by a large amount of warm, moist air

Question 21

t storm stage 2

Answer 21

more warm air rises into the cloud and condenses, releases latent energy which turns to thermal energy. warm air continually rises and creates an updraft. the top freezes and creates ice crystals. coalescence speeds up and rain begins. rain and cool air create a downdraft

Question 22

t storm stage 3

Answer 22

rain and downdraft if cold air cut off the updraft of warm,moist air (source of energy). rain continues until the supply of moisture runs out

Question 23

updraft

Answer 23

warm air moving upwards and pulling more air up

Question 24

downdraft

Answer 24

cold air moving downwards

Question 25

tornado

Answer 25

swirling vortex or funnel of air creates by a wind shear in low pressure thunderstorms blowing in different directions. made from energy released by thunderstorms

Question 26

fujita

Answer 26

a scale used to classify tornadoes based on wind speed and damage

Question 27

wind shear

Answer 27

wind blowing in different directions at different altitudes

Question 28

hurricane

Answer 28

gigantic, 500km wide, whirling, roving thunderstorm formed by deep, warm ocean water. spun by coriolis effect

Question 29

hurricane - how

Answer 29

wind must be equal in strength and direction to winds at sea level, creates low pressure at sea level and high pressure above the clouds, loses speed and intensity over land due to friction to wind and no water to give energy

Question 30

monsoon

Answer 30

system of winds that caused torrential rain and extensive flooding in summer and very dry conditions in winter

Question 31

longitude

Answer 31

distance east to west from the prime meridian, a line that runs north to south passing through greenwich england. the angle made from the line from the centre of the earth to the prime meridian and the line through the location

Question 32

latitude

Answer 32

measure of distance from north or south of the equator. measured in degrees. line from the centre of the earth to the equator and from the centre of the earth to the location

Question 33

polar zones

Answer 33

Arctic circle, antarctic circle: receive 24 hours of sunlight during parts of summer and 24 hour darkness drifting pets of winter. sun rays don’t cause much warming because the angle made from the rays is so small and spread across so much space

Question 34

temperate zone

Answer 34

suns rays are never perpendicular to earths surface. weather varies through winter and summer

Question 35

tropic zones

Answer 35

tropic of cancer and tropic of capricorn: | suns rays are always perpendicular to a point in the tropic zones throughout the year.

Question 36

seasons

Answer 36

due to axis of earth and rotations round the sun, the northern and southern hemisphere are always different seasons. as the earth rotates it keeps the same axis but moves aroun the sun so different parts of the world receive sun

Question 37

air currents

Answer 37

warm air at the equator rises. cold air moves downwards towards the equator. when the air from the equator rises it has cooled and moves back towards earth surface either going towards the poles or the equator

Question 38

jet stream

Answer 38

ribbon of extremely fast moving air near the top of the troposphere, caused by contact between warm and cold air

Question 39

ocean currents

Answer 39

carry warm waters to polar regions and vice versa. caused by wind and carried by coiriolis effect , diverted by continents (warm= faster, deeper, narrower)

Question 40

deep currents

Answer 40

cool water and salt water sink because they are denser than warm and fresh water. this transports thermal energy and nutrients from pole to pole

Question 41

before el niño

Answer 41

winds blow from west to east, warm water is pushed from peru towards indonesia and australia and piles up at australia’s shores. this creates and ocean breeze which then brings rain to australia. the warm air rises and returns to dry peru

Question 42

el niño

Answer 42

winds diminish and air pressure rises in australia lowering over tahiti, changing the direction of the winds. water drops near australia and rises near peru. this prevents nutrients and upwelling and fish population diminishes. rain begins in the desert

Question 43

upwelling

Answer 43

water is pushed off shore into open ocean, pushing water forward causing cooler water to rise and replace it

Question 44

air mass

Answer 44

when a large portion or air remains in nearly the same please for long enough to take on the characteristics of moisture and temperature. also required the air to have a nearly uniform temperature and humidity level

Question 45

air mass characteristics

Answer 45

continental polar: dry and cool maritime polar: moist and cool continental tropic: dry and warm maritime tropic: moist and warm

Question 46

coriolis effect

Answer 46

caused air in NH to go right ( west to east)and in SH to go left (east to west) influence of earths rotation on air