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Friuli Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is Fruili considered a birthplace of modern Italian wine making?

A

In the late 1960s a small group of inspired producer began crafting clean fresh and fruity white wines

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2
Q

What’s the name of the sweet wines that Friuli is historically renowned for

A

Picolit, Ramandolo

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3
Q

What are 4 principal topographical belts of Fruili

A

The alp and prealps
The eastern hills
Cental plain
The lower coastal plain

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4
Q

Where is the highest annual rainfall

A

Where plains meet alps

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5
Q

What is Bora and how it influences Friuli?

A

Bora is a cold Winter wind from the East. With Alpine air and air movement and inland see breezes it results in reducing humidity, and mitigating summer heat as of which results is slow and even maturation

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6
Q

What are principal rivers of friuli

A

Livenza, Tagliamento, Isonzo, Natisone

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7
Q

What are 3 piece of principle soil types

A

Sand clay and gravel
sand stone and Marl
limestone plateau

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8
Q

Sand clay and gravel

A

-plains(high central, low coastal)
-high: extremely permeable due to high gravel/sand content
-low: fertile, less drained, high content of clay
-represent deposit left by glacier

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9
Q

Sandstone and calcareous marl

A

-eastern hills
- flisch of cormons/ponca
-35-55 mil years ago- when covered by seawater
-distinctive alternating layers of sandstone and mar

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10
Q

Ponca soil

A

Easterm fruili, alternating layers of sandstone and marl

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11
Q

Limestone plateau

A

Southeastern corner
- adriatic sea and slovenia,
- carso
-layered with iron rich sand and clay

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12
Q

That’s Fruili have more red or white plantings
Say percentage

A

White -more than 70%
Red-less than 30%

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13
Q

Which International varieties represent fruili (country and grapes)

A

France- PG, PB, CH, SB, M, CF (grew before phylloxera)
Germany- Blaufränkisch, Riesling, Welchsrieling
Slovenia- Vitovska, Terrano, Malvasia Istriana

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14
Q

Name vine training system and where are they used in Fruili

A

Sylvoz & Casarsa - plains
Cappucina & Guyot- hills and Fruili Isorzo DOC
Alberello- ribolla giala and vitovska

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15
Q

Who stands behing white wine revolution in Fruili

A

Mario Schiopetto

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16
Q

Who is behind introduction of super whites and what are those ?

A

Producer Jermann
Blend of native and international whites

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17
Q

History of wine industry ( doc igt docg) producers vs cooperatives)

A

Before 1960 - bulk wine
Now- 4 DOCG , 12 DOC (more than 40% production) redt IGT

Family owned small to medium size producers - average holding 2.5 ha

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18
Q

What are 3 main sub-regions of Fruili

A

Central plains
Coastal plains
Eastern fruili

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19
Q

Which appelations and expceptions decided not to add ‘Fruili’to their name

A

DOCs of Collio and Carso
Lison DOCG and Lison-Ramaggiore DOC and Prosecco ( interregional)

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20
Q

Soils of Fruili Grave DOC

A

-most - alluvial plain
-gravel and sands worh high limestone content
-North- more gravel, south- finer texture (high sand , silt, clay)
-well drained - irrigation necessary
- reflect light

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21
Q

Grapes in Fruili grave doc

A

Mostly reds
Main- merlot
-CF; Refrosco, CS

Whites- Fruilano, PB, PG, CH, SB

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22
Q

Where is Lison DOCG and what grape ot grows?

A

Interregional- Veneto and Fruili
Between tagliamento and livenza river
Perdonone
Fruilano

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23
Q

What is the name of Collio on Slovenian part

A

BRDA

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24
Q

Soils of Collio

A

Layers of Sandstone and calcarious marls- ponca /flysch of Cormons

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25
What is ronchi
-well exposed often terraced sites -used for names of estates, vineyard s, wines
26
Is collio mostly red or white appellation? Name the grapes
White, 80% Widely planted- PG SB, Friulano Ribolla Gialla, malvasia istriana, Ch,PB
27
Name most well known historic subzone of Collio DOC
Capriva San Floriano del Collio Oslavia( historic home of Ribolla gialla)
28
Which subzone is historic zone for Ribolla Gialla
Oslavia
29
Whats the name of benchmark white blend of Collio and which grapes it includes
COLLIO BIANCO Friulano, Malviasia, Ribolla Gialla, Ch, S, PB, PG
30
Friulano in Collio
Full- flavoired, mediul to full bodied, perfumed Herbal and grassy, stone fruit, almond finish
31
Ribolla Gialla in Collio
Light bodied Floral, citrus, mineral, Acquires intensity, depth, great complexity when produced using sking maceration
32
SB in Collio
Bright acid, exotic richness, mineral, Hints of thyme, sage and tomato leaf
33
PG in Collio
Similiar to Alsatian PG
34
Malvasia in Collio
Floral, pear and stone fruit, honeyed
35
How lomg does have to age w/r reserva wines in Collio
W- 20 months R-30 months
36
How Julius Ceasar influenced Colli Orientali
Founded the city of Forum Iulli It was ceasars legionaries that upon retirement, became farmers and developed vineyards there
37
What the name Colli Orientali means and why
'Eastern hills'- location- eastern foothils of pre alps, borders fruili grave and collio docs
38
Climate of colli orientali
More continental and cooloer, position further away from adriatic sea
39
Most wideli planted grape in colli orientali
Friulano Followed by S, PG, Verduzzo, PB, RG
40
Red wine production of Colli orientali
-southern area- Buttrio, Cividale, Manzano -warmer areas -native- Refrosco, Schioppetino, Tezzalange, Pignolo -international- M,CF, CS, PN
41
Name 4 subzone of colli orientali and their local grapes
Cialla- Ribolla gialla; verduzo fruilano, refrosco, schioppetino Rosazzo- pignolo; ribolla gialla Faedis- refrosco nostrano Prepotto- schioppetino
42
Grapes of cialla
Ribolla gialla, verduzzo friulano Refrosco; schioppettino
43
Grapes of rosazzo
Pignolo Ribolla giala
44
Grapes of faedis
Refosco nostrano
45
Grapes of prepotto
Schioppetino
46
Min aging requirements for r/w reserva of colli orientali
Min 2 y
47
Name 4 DOCG of Fruilli
Lison Rosazzo Picolit Ramandolo
48
Who was acredited for modern day fame of Picolit
Count Fabio Asquini
49
Who saved picolit from disappearance in 20th cent
Perusini family
50
Production of Picolit grape in picolit docg
Appasimento Min 85% picolit Aged min 1 year Use of small oak common
51
Notes of picolit at picolit docg
Deep yellow to golden Honey, white flowers; citrus, dried fruit, apricot; vanilla Lighly sweet- decidedlly sweet Medium to high alc, long finish, high acid, Vino da meditazione- wine to sip alone
52
Subzone of picolit docg
CIALLA -classic subzone -stricter production requrement; higher alc -100% picolit - aged min 2 y -Riserva - only allowed for Cialla, min 4 y aging
53
What was the first appelation in fruili to become docg
Ramandolo
54
Where is ramandolo
Norrheastern part Udine Hamlet of ramandolo and communed of nimis and tarcento
55
Production of ramandolo in ramandolo docg
Sweet white wines from 100% verduzzo giallo Late harvesting-extra ripe, shriveling on vines Appasimento
56
Notes of ramandolo in ramandolo docg
Deep yellow to gold Floral, honey, tropical fruits, apricot, almond Medium to very sweet Med to high alc, full body, high acid, slightly tannic mounthfeel
57
Grapes and notes of rosazzo docg
Friulano+SB, PB, CH, RG Medium to full body, Floral, nutty and spicy
58
What are 2 subzone of Friuli isonzo
Rive alte Rive di giare
59
Rive alte
Northern or right bank Red gravel and clay Less fertile Gap in northeastern mountain Best vineyards Finedt and most concentrated Can only be used for F, PG; Ch, SB, M
60
Rive di grave
Southern left bank Whute gravel limestone sadly loam Fertile - lighter wines Can be used only for PG, Malvasia Istrina, Refrosco, Merlot
61
Carso Doc- location
Borderkng slovenia and facing gulf of trieste Provinces gorzia and trieste
62
Soil of carso and vinegrowing
Extremely bared rugged and arid landscape Limestone plateau Vines grow alongside olive trees, small plots on the coast and terraced vineyards
63
What is the name of terraced vineyards in carso
pastini 200-500m
64
Topsoils of carso
Very thin and nonexistent and often need to be transported Poor in nutrients Iron rich red rocks, clay, chalk, limestone
65
Climate of carso
Mediterranean and continental influences Strong influence of bora
66
What makes wines of carso distinctive
Mineral salt character
67
Which local grapes is carso known for
Vitovska Terrano
68
Carso/carso rosso (grape, historic home)
70%terrano Classsic designstion- Trieste, Sgonico, Monrupino, Duino- Aurisina
69
The most common single varietals of carso
Malvasia Istriana Refrosco dal Penducolo
70
Which techniques of making wine are employed in carso
Skin contact, fermentation in open vats/amphorae/barell, barrel fermentation and aging
71
Reserva labeling in carso ( aging)
White-20m Red- 24 m
72
Which grape can be produced only in spumante versions in Fruili DOC
Ribolla Gialla
73
Which province in Fruili is entitled to a specific designation under Proseco DOC
Trieste Prosecco trieste DOC

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