From a cell to a person

Question 1

what are the 3 stages of development

Answer 1

1. germinal stage
2. embryonic stage
3. fetal stage

Question 2

when is the germinal stage

Answer 2

0-2 weeks

Question 3

what happens in germinal stage

Answer 3

1. cell division 24-36 hours
2. zygotę moves to uterus
3. placenta begins to form
4. blastocyst implants in uterus wall

Question 4

when is embryonic stage

Answer 4

3-8 weeks

Question 5

what happens in embryonic stage

Answer 5

1. differentiation and migration
2. organs develop, heart starts beating

Question 6

when is fetal stage

Answer 6

9 weeks to birth

Question 7

what are human sex cells called

Answer 7

gametes

Question 8

how many chromosomes do human sex cells have

Answer 8

23 pairs

Question 9

T or F gametes are haploid cells formed during meiosis

Answer 9

T

Question 10

what sex cell determines the sex of the baby

Answer 10

sperm

Question 11

what are monozygotic twins

Answer 11

identical, share all dna

Question 12

what are dizygotic twins

Answer 12

fraternal, share half dna

Question 13

how many dna do semi identical twins share

Answer 13

3/4

Question 14

what is the ratio of m:f embryos at conception

Answer 14

50:50

Question 15

T or F males are more likely to be miscarried or receive caesarean birth

Answer 15

T

Question 16

which stage is the neural tube (CNS) developed

Answer 16

embryonic stage

Question 17

at what point can the fetus cry breathe and swallow

Answer 17

by the 7th month

Question 18

at what point does the foetus have a good chance of survival if born

Answer 18

28 weeks onwards

Question 19

T or F areas near the head develop earlier than those farther away

Answer 19

T

Question 20

four main developmental processes

Answer 20

1. division
2. migration
3. differentiation
4. cell death

Question 21

what is cell division

Answer 21

mitosis

Question 22

what is migration

Answer 22

cells move from their origin to different location in the embryo

Question 23

what is cell differentiation

Answer 23

cell begins life as stem cells, they have the potential to develop into any type of cell

Question 24

what is cell death

Answer 24

apoptosis

Question 25

example of cell death

Answer 25

hand plate cells are programmed to die

Question 26

what is amniotic sac

Answer 26

membrane filled with clear water fluid

Question 27

what is the purpose of amniotic sac

Answer 27

allows foetus to move in gravity free environment and provides cushioning and constant temperature

Question 28

what is the placenta

Answer 28

temporary organ that performs actions baby can't do itself

Question 29

what does the placenta do

Answer 29

produces hormones

Question 30

what is placenta made of

Answer 30

semi permeable membrane

Question 31

what can pass through placenta

Answer 31

oxygen, nutrition, alcohol, co2 waste, nicotine

Question 32

brain size at birth % of full adult size

Answer 32

25%

Question 33

what risks do premature birth propose

Answer 33

1. physical 2. cognitive 3. clinical

Question 34

what is perinatal period

Answer 34

before and after birth

Question 35

at what point does fetes begin to move

Answer 35

5-6 weeks simple spontaneous movement 12 weeks most movements at birth will be present

Question 36

what point does baby start to swallow

Answer 36

10-11 weeks

Question 37

when does baby start to breathe

Answer 37

10 weeks

Question 38

what is habituation

Answer 38

an infant shows a decrease in response to stimulus after it is repeated several times

Question 39

what was the goal of habituation protocol (Lecanuett)

Answer 39

to study how infants process and respond to stimuli, and their ability to differentiate between familiar and new stimuli

Question 40

example of habituation protocol

Answer 40

an infant is repeatedlt exposed to particular stimulus (e.g. sound or visual pattern). Over time, the infants response (like looking time or heart rate) decreases as they become habituated

Question 41

what was the aim of conditioning protocol Decasper and spence

Answer 41

tested whether newborns could learn to change their behaviour based on sounds

Question 42

what is operant conditioning?

Answer 42

learning process where an individual learns to associate a behaviour with a consequence. babies learn to control a sounnd like a voice by sucking pattern

Question 43

how did the conditioning protocol work in Decasper and spence study?

Answer 43

babies were given a dummy connected to a device that controlled playback of a recorded voice. if the baby sucked on the dummy in a specific way it would trigger the playback of their mothers voice