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Flashcards in From Abacus to Zeus Deck (384)
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1
Q

abacus

A

uppermost part of a capital (crowning member of a column), forming a slab upon which the architrave (lowest member of an entablature) rests

2
Q

abbey

A

monastery governed by an abbot; has church

3
Q

acanthus

A

prickly plant of the Mediterranean region with large, scalloped leaves which are freely imitated on the capitals of the Corinthian and Composite orders (column and entablature)

4
Q

acrylic

A

water-soluble painting medium; acrylic paints dry quickly and are water-resistant, non-fading and non-yellowing

5
Q

action painting

A

dynamic form of Abstract Expressionism made with broad movements of the artist’s arm while holding a brush etc. (what Pollock did)
Sentence: Action painting was popular…

6
Q

aesthetic

A

pertaining to the beautiful or, more broadly, to art in general; a particular view of art or beauty

7
Q

albumen print

A

a photographic print on paper coated with albumen; popular from 1850-1900, glossy buts fades

8
Q

altar

A

a structure upon which offerings are placed or sacrifices made to a deity

9
Q

altarpiece

A

a painted or sculptured panel or shrine placed behind and above an altar

10
Q

ambulatory

A

a place for walking, usually covered, as the passage around a cloister or peristyle; the passageway around the apse of a church

11
Q

amorphous

A

formless

12
Q

amphora

A

a Greek storage jar with a large egg-shaped body and two handles, each springing from the shoulder of the jar and attached to the neck

13
Q

andachtsbild

A

highly emotive paintings and sculpture made for private devotion beginning in late 1200s
Sentence: The Andachtsbild uses dull colors to emphasize grief…

14
Q

appropriation

A

the borrowing, by an artist, of images or objects from one context and their insertion into another
Sentence: The appropriation of the painting in the sculpture…

15
Q

apse

A

a large niche (hollow in wall) facing the nave of a church; half-cylinder covered with a half-dome

16
Q

aquatint

A

a print made by an etching process in which broad tonal areas of one or more values are printed from a metal plate

17
Q

aqueduct

A

ancient Roman architecture: a masonry channel conveying large volumed of water to cities over great distances by the force of gravity

18
Q

architrave

A

the lowest member of an entablature, resting directly on the capitals of columns or pilasters

19
Q

archivolt

A

the molding framing an arch; Romanesque/Gothic architecture: each one of the series of arches framing the tympanum of a portal
Sentence: The archivolts framing the tympanum are highly ornamented.

20
Q

armature

A

a skeletal framework of pipe, roads, wire, or wood used by sculptors to support clay, wax, plaster, and other soft or brittle modeling materials to prevent them from sagging or collapsing.
2. framework of iron rods to support stained glass windows
Sentence: The armature of the structure stabilizes it.

21
Q

art brut

A

powerfully expressive works by self-taught artists working largely outside both the traditions of the fine arts and folk art; artists are isolated from society

22
Q

articulated

A

divided into distinct units (architecture)

Sentence: The articulated building…

23
Q

assemblage

A

3d art composed of two or more preformed and only slightly altered found objects
Sentence: noun (the assemblage looked…)

24
Q

atmospheric perspective

A

the representation of spatial effects which are caused by the interposition of the atmosphere between the viewer and distant objects (e.g. blurring of outlines, alteration of hue towards blue, etc.)
Sentence: Atmospheric perspective is used in the painting; the painter blurred the outline of the painting.

25
Q

atrium

A

open entrance court of a Roman house; the open court in front of a church
noun

26
Q

attic

A

a story above the main entablature of a classical building, frequently ornamented with pilasters aligned with the order below
noun

27
Q

autochrome

A

a photographic color transparency (image on transparent material) consisting of a glass plate coated with a layer of primary color grains of starch and a b/w panchromatic emulsion

28
Q

automatism

A

the creation of forms without conscious control (e.g. chance placement of strings randomly laid down/not repositioned; glued down as they fell by Duchamp)
Sentence: Automatism was a fundamental principle…

29
Q

avant-garde

A

artists, critics, and patrons who are leaders of taste, espousing innovative, unconventional, or experimental concepts and techniques despite the opposition of established opinion

30
Q

axis

A

an imaginary line passing through a figure, building, etc. about which its principal parts are arranged

31
Q

axonometric drawing

A

an architectural or mechanical drawing presenting an object in three dimensions with all lines drawn to the same scale

32
Q

balance

A

the achievement of equilibrium among the various parts of a composition
Sentence: The red figure on the right balances the person on the left.

33
Q

balloon

A

a rounded outlined shape in a cartoon or comic strip which contains the words or thoughts of a character

34
Q

balustrade

A

a handrail supported by short pillars (balusters); any low wall or parapet; on many Renaissance and Baroque buildings, balustrades appear above the main entablature

35
Q

baptistery

A

a chamber or freestanding structure containing a basin for performing the rite of Baptism; Italian ones are often separate from main body of church

36
Q

basilica

A

originally any large hall (Romans); adopted by Early Christians to designate their churches because they were also meeting halls

37
Q

bay

A

the space between any two of a series of similar architectural members, usually principal supports
noun

38
Q

bimorphic

A

having the form of a living organism; free-flowing curves (abstract/minimally representational are bimorphs)

39
Q

black-figured

A

the figures and objects were painted primarily in black against a lighter ground, usually the natural clay; applied to a type of Greek vase painting the seventh/sixth centuries BCE
Sentence: the black figure vase portrays Apollo.

40
Q

blind arcade

A

an arcade attached to a wall so that the arches, although they project from the wall, are not open but blocked with masonry

41
Q

block book

A

a type of devotional picture book popular in 1400s; text on same block as picture

42
Q

book of hours

A

a book for private devotions containing prayers for the different canonical hours of the day

43
Q

burin

A

pointed steel cutting tool, or graver, used to make the lines, or “tailless” of an engraving

44
Q

bust

A

a sculpture of a person showing only the upper part of the body

45
Q

buttress

A

a vertical mass of masonry built against a wall to strengthen it, often against the thrust of an arch or vault on the other side
Sentence: Each buttress used supports the wall…

46
Q

calligraphy

A

the art of ornamental penmanship or brushwork

47
Q

calotype

A

the first negative-positive process of photography; faster than first daguerrotypes plus more convenient but worse quality

48
Q

camera

A

a lightproof box equipped for holding light-sensitive film or plates opposite a lens

49
Q

camera obscura

A

a drawing device, consisting of a light-proof box fitted with a lens projecting a reduced image of an external subject upon a translucent screen for tracing

50
Q

campanile

A

an Italian bell tower, especially one that is freestanding

51
Q

canopy

A

Gothic architecture: a small ornamental roof-like projection often used to shelter a statue; a covering above a throne, bed, altar, etc.

52
Q

cantilever

A

a beam or slab projecting a considerable distance beyond a post or wall but held down at one end only
noun

53
Q

capital

A

the crowning member of a column, pilaster, pier, or shaft; often richly ornated

54
Q

carte de visite (visiting card)

A

a small photograph, usually a portrait, rarely actually used as a visiting card; 1860s fad

55
Q

cartoon

A

a humorous or satirical drawing; a full-size drawing for a painting, made to be transferred to a wall, canvas, or panel as a guide in painting the finished work

56
Q

caryatid

A

a female figure used as a column; a male supporting figure is an atlas

57
Q

casein

A

a painting medium made from fresh milk curd; opaque/brittle; usually used on smooth, rigid surfaces; strong adhesive
Sentence: Casein paint is quick-drying and mat.

58
Q

casting

A

a method of reproducing a work of sculpture by pouring a hardening liquid into a mold bearing its impression
Sentence: The casting of the sculpture…

59
Q

catacomb

A

an ancient Roman underground cemetery, consisting of an often complex network of corridors connecting a multitude of chambers on different levels; the walls of the corridors have tiered niches for graves; also burial chambers/fresco paintings

60
Q

cathedral

A

the church of a bishop, containing his “cathedra” or throne

61
Q

cella

A

the main chamber of a Greek or Roman temple, built to house the cult image; the whole main body of a temple, excluding the portico (traditional porch)

62
Q

chapel

A

a small church; a compartment in a church containing an altar dedicated to a saint

63
Q

chartreuse

A

a monastery of the Carthusian order

64
Q

chateau

A

the French word for castle, applied originally only to fortified dwellings, but now, to any French country house

65
Q

chiaroscuro

A

the gradations of light and dark within a picture: forms are largely determined by meeting of lighter and darker areas, not by sharp outlines
Sentence: The use of chiaroscuro in the painting…

66
Q

chloride print

A

a photographic print made on paper coated with a gelatin emulsion containing silver chloride

67
Q

choir

A

the area in a church reserved for singers and clergy; sometimes the entire east end of a church beyond the crossing

68
Q

choir screen

A

a screen, often elaborately carved, separating the choir from the nave of a church

69
Q

chronophotograph

A

a multiple-exposure photograph of a subject in continuous motion, showing different positions exposed separately at very short intervals on a single negative

70
Q

clerestory

A

a clear story, i.e. a row of windows in the upper part of a wall; in churches, the clerestory windows above the roofs of the side aisles permit direct illumination of the nave

71
Q

cloister

A

a court bounded by covered walks or ambulatories, frequently on the south side of the churches of monasteries; the covered walk of such a court

72
Q

closed form

A

an individual element or the whole composition of a painting, sculpture, or building which is self-contained and does not refer to the surrounding environment
Sentence: The closed form appears solid and permanent.
The closed composition utilizes balance effectively.

73
Q

Codex

A

manuscript; bound book

74
Q

coffer

A

casket or box; recessed panel in ceiling

noun

75
Q

collage

A

composition of various materials

76
Q

color field painting

A

painting on a large scale with broad areas of a single color

noun

77
Q

Colossal order

A

when columns go through more than one story of a building

noun

78
Q

column

A

cylindrical pillar: has 3 parts 1) base 2) shaft 3) capital

79
Q

combination print

A

photo print made from 2 or more separate negatives

80
Q

complementary color

A

hue forms grey when mixed with its complement; opposite on the color whell
Sentence: The use of blue and orange on the woman creates contrast and intrigue because the colors are complementary.

81
Q

composition

A

arrangement of forms in a work or art
Sentence: The contrasting of the colors and the unbalanced positioning of the subject affect the composition of the piece in that they create tension.

82
Q

pier

A

vertical mass of masonry; wall

83
Q

compound pier

A

pier with columns attached to it

84
Q

conceptual art

A

art where concepts/ideas are more important than the forms

85
Q

connoisseur

A

expert in a specific artist or type of art

86
Q

construction

A

sculpture made by joining together a number of separate parts by nailing, welding, etc., rather than by traditional processes such as modeling, casting, and carving
noun

87
Q

conte crayon

A

chalk-like synthetic pencil for drawing

88
Q

continuous narration

A

representation in one space of events at different times; the same characters can be repeated
Sentence: Continuous narration was largely abandoned…

89
Q

contour

A

the outline of an object, especially when it suggests volume

noun; sentence: The weak contour of Venus in the painting blends in with her surroundings.

90
Q

contrapposto

A

disposition of parts of body so they form oblique axes turning around a central vertical axis
Sentence: The sculpture strays from the columnar Ancient Egyptian statues; it reflects the development of contrapposto.

91
Q

cool colors

A

blue and associated hues; appear to recede

92
Q

cornice

A

topmost part of an entablature

93
Q

crenellated

A

building with notches (low walls) at its top

adjective (the crenellated building)

94
Q

cromlech

A

prehistoric monument with upright stones, like Stonehenge

95
Q

crossing

A

area in the middle of the church where nave and transept cross

96
Q

crypt

A

vaulted underground chamber, usually a tomb

97
Q

daguerreotype

A

old fashioned photo, directly onto a plate (no negative)

98
Q

decalcomania

A

type of automatism in which images are made by pressing one freshly painted or inked surface against another; transfer to ceramics/etc. designs on special paper
noun

99
Q

diptych

A

two paneled artwork that fold together

noun

100
Q

dolmen

A

prehistoric monument with two upright boulders supporting a third, forming a chamber, thought to have served as a tomb

101
Q

dome

A

curved vault on a circular or polygon base

102
Q

domus

A

large house for rich family in Roman times

103
Q

Donjon

A

archaic spelling of dungeon

104
Q

drapery

A

the way fabric is draped on people in sculpture or painting

noun

105
Q

droleries

A

playful drawings in: medieval manuscripts or carvings in furniture
plural noun

106
Q

drum

A

cylindrical or polygon wall rising above the main part of a building

107
Q

drypoint

A

print made from a type of engraved metal plate

108
Q

earth art

A

very large-scale outdoor sculpture

109
Q

echinus

A

part of a doric column

110
Q

elevation

A

one side of a building; an exact drawing of one side of a building

111
Q

enamel

A

colored glass applied to metal

112
Q

encautic

A

method of painting with pigments suspended in molten wax

113
Q

engaged leg

A

leg on which a figure is resting its weight

114
Q

engraving

A

print made from a design cut into a metal plate

115
Q

enlarger

A

projector used to magnify or reduce the size of a photo print

116
Q

entablature

A

the parts resting on top of a column: made up of architrave, frieze and cornice

117
Q

entasis

A

part at the top of a column that gently swells out, seems to support the entablature

118
Q

environment

A

work of art made of multiple objects which can be entered by the viewer; distinct from architecture constructions

119
Q

environmental sculpture

A

large scale art, can enter or walk on it; distinguished from environment by being one single piece

120
Q

equestrian

A

representations of people on horseback

121
Q

etching

A

print made from acid engraved metal

122
Q

exposure

A

presentation of photo film or paper to light

123
Q

facade

A

front of a building

124
Q

faience

A

pottery with opaque glaze

125
Q

fasces

A

bundle of rods bound with straps, can be a handle for a blade

126
Q

ferroconcrete

A

reinforced concrete; concrete with metal rods and mesh in it for strength

127
Q

fete galante

A

elegant party; used to describe paintings with that subject

128
Q

figure-ground relationship

A

relation of object to the background

129
Q

film

A

thin transparent material coated with light-sensitive chemicals

130
Q

filter

A

transparent material put in front of lens or enlarger to alter photo

131
Q

fine arts

A

visual arts; painting, sculpture and architecture

132
Q

finial

A

end piece ornament on a stair railing, house gable, etc

133
Q

flat color

A

color broadly applied to a painting, with no contouring

134
Q

fluting

A

shallow vertical grooves in a column

135
Q

focal point

A

dominant area of interest; eyes focus more frequently on this

136
Q

folk art

A

art by people with no special training in fine arts

137
Q

foreshortening

A

making objects seem three dimensional, using decreasing size for perspective

138
Q

forum

A

in ancient rome, a public square

139
Q

found object

A

objet trouve; accidentally encountered thing selected by artist as art

140
Q

Four dimensional

A

art including fourth dimension of time, using sequences, motion etc.

141
Q

free leg

A

relaxed leg, not bearing weight

142
Q

fresco

A

a painting on plaster (wall)

143
Q

frieze

A

middle part of the entablature

144
Q

frontal

A

object facing viewer directly; not foreshortened

145
Q

frottage

A

reproducing a textured surface by rubbing paper on it with charcoal, crayon, etc

146
Q

f-stop

A

a camera lens setting; ratio between focal length and diameter of aperture

147
Q

gable

A

triangular area below roof decorating the front of a house

148
Q

gallery

A

long room or corridor; open second story in a church

149
Q

gelatin-silver print

A

photo print using silver in gelatin

150
Q

genre

A

genre scene=representation of everyday life

151
Q

gisant

A

representation on a tomb of the dead person

152
Q

glaze

A

glassy coat applied to pottery

153
Q

gold ground

A

background of gold leaf

154
Q

gospel book

A

book containing four Gospels of the New Testament

155
Q

graffiti

A

words and images scratched, painted or chalked in public places

156
Q

graphic arts

A

ambiguous; includes printmaking, photography and drawing

157
Q

groundline

A

single line use to indicate the level of the groud

158
Q

ground plane

A

surface on which people and objects stand in artworks

159
Q

gum print

A

photo print made on paper with gum emulsion (not gelatin)

160
Q

guttae

A

means “drops” in latin; peg-like decorations in an entablature

161
Q

hallenkirche

A

means “hall church” in german; nave and side aisles of equal height

162
Q

hand

A

unique style of an artist

163
Q

handling

A

particular way an artist works with the medium

164
Q

happening

A

art event, partially planned, but leaving a large part to chance

165
Q

hard-edge painting

A

large-scale abstract paintings with areas of flat color

166
Q

hatching

A

parallel lines used in drawing to darken an area

167
Q

crosshatching

A

one set of hatching perpendicularly over another

168
Q

heliograph

A

name given to photos by inventor of photography (1826)

169
Q

highlights

A

parts of an object that reflect the most light

170
Q

hotel

A

large french town house

171
Q

HUE

A

property of a color on the band of the visible specrum of light

172
Q

hydria

A

ancient greek water jar

173
Q

icon

A

religious panel paintings in Orthodox Christianity

174
Q

iconography

A

study of a particular subject matter by artists over time

175
Q

illuminated manuscript

A

a manuscript decorated with paintings and drawings

176
Q

illusionism

A

attempt to represent visual phenomena as completely as possible

177
Q

impasto

A

paint applied with the consistency of thick paste

178
Q

installation

A

temporary work of art, created for a specific place

179
Q

insula

A

a block or group of buildings in a Roman city

180
Q

jamb

A

side of a doorway or window frame

181
Q

juxtaposition; juxtaposed

A

putting elements in close proximity

182
Q

keep

A

massive central tower of a castle

183
Q

kinetic sculpture

A

sculpture made to be seen in motion

184
Q

kouros

A

archaic greek statue of a standing nude youth

185
Q

korai

A

archaic greek statue of clothed maidens

186
Q

krater

A

ancient greek pottery bowl

187
Q

kylix

A

ancient greek drinking cup

188
Q

lantern

A

turret crowning a dome or roof; tower above a church

189
Q

lapis lazuli

A

semiprecious blue

190
Q

lekythos

A

ancient greek oil flask

191
Q

lens

A

transparent material with curved surface which bend light rays

192
Q

line

A

mark left by a moving point

193
Q

lintel

A

horizontal beam spanning the opening between jambs or columns

194
Q

lithograph

A

print from a design drawn on limestone

195
Q

local color

A

color of an object in normal daylight without shadows

196
Q

loggia

A

covered passage with open area on a side or sides

197
Q

lunette

A

semicirular opening or surface

198
Q

madrasah

A

arabic place of study

199
Q

manuscript

A

handwritten book or document, original or copy

200
Q

masonry

A

construction in stone, brick or concrete

201
Q

mastaba

A

stone bench in arabic; rectangular egyptian tomb

202
Q

mat; matt; matte

A

opposite of glossy; lusterless

203
Q

medium

A

physical material used by artist; fluid in which pigment is suspended

204
Q

megalithic

A

made of huge stones

205
Q

megaron

A

large oblong hall in minoan or mycenaean palace

206
Q

metope

A

in a frieze, one of the panels

207
Q

mezzanine

A

low story of a building, between two taller ones

208
Q

mihrab

A

a niche in a wall of a mosque

209
Q

minaret

A

a tower of a mosque, tall and slender

210
Q

miniature

A

any illumination in a manscript; very small portrait

211
Q

minimal art

A

fine art with extreme simplicity of form and/or process

212
Q

mixed media

A

use of two or more media; generic term for complex environmental works

213
Q

mobile

A

hanging or suspended construction of moveable parts

214
Q

modeling

A

creation of 3D form from clay or similar; suggestion of 3D form in painting and drawing (shading)

215
Q

module

A

basic unit in determining proportions, e.g. height of head in drawing of a human

216
Q

molding

A

band of grooves or projections on building surfaces

217
Q

monastery

A

dwelling of a community of monks

218
Q

monochrome

A

painting in various values of a single color

219
Q

grisaille

A

painting in various shade of gray

220
Q

monolith

A

single very large stone

221
Q

monumental

A

descriptive of grand, massive, and permanent art

222
Q

mosaic

A

decoration made of small pieces of colored stone or glass

223
Q

motif

A

prominent feature of the subject of a piece of art; natural landscape

224
Q

mural

A

large painting on a wall

225
Q

mutule

A

flat part of cornice with guttae on it

226
Q

naos

A

main body of a temple

227
Q

narthex

A

entrance hall of a church

228
Q

nave

A

big central space in a church

229
Q

negative

A

a photo image where values are opposite of original subject

230
Q

niche

A

a nook in a wall for a statue or other decoration

231
Q

obelisk

A

tall slender square monolith tapering to a pyramid at the top

232
Q

odalique

A

female harem slave; popular subject for 19th cent french painters

233
Q

oil painting

A

painted with pigments mixed in drying oils

234
Q

open form

A

individual element of a composition which extends in its surroundings, including figures looking out of the frame or extending out of frame

235
Q

orders

A

architectural: the total of column and entablature

236
Q

orientation

A

architectural: position building along east/west axis, churches positioned with altar at the east end

237
Q

painterly

A

visual art in any medium when conceived in broad masses of light and dark

238
Q

palazzo

A

large italian town house

239
Q

palette

A

surface for mixing paints

240
Q

palette knife

A

spatula (looks like a knife) for working with oil paint

241
Q

papyrus

A

writing material made from papyrus plant in ancient egypt

242
Q

parchment

A

animal skin used for writing or painting on

243
Q

vellum

A

type of parchment

244
Q

pastel

A

pigment mixed in gum and formed into sticks; pale color

245
Q

pavilion

A

light ornamental building; large-scale wing of a building

246
Q

pediment

A

gable formed by the two sloped roofs of a temple or similar shaped architectural part

247
Q

pelike

A

ancient greek vase, pear-shaped

248
Q

pendentive

A

triangular section of vaulting, supporting a dome

249
Q

performance art

A

generic term, including mime, theater, dance music and video with strong visual focus

250
Q

peripteral

A

building with columns all around

251
Q

colonnade

A

series of columns in a row

252
Q

peristyle

A

colonnade around peripteral building; garden surrounded by columns in a roman house

253
Q

perspective

A

representation in 2D of 3D objects

254
Q

photogram

A

permanent image made directly from light on a sensitized surface; includes heliograph, daguerrotype and calotype

255
Q

photomontage

A

image made by combining 2 or more photos

256
Q

piazza

A

public square in italian

257
Q

picture plane

A

surface on which picture is painted

258
Q

picture space

A

space appearing to extend back beyond the pciture plane

259
Q

picturesque

A

like a picture; suitable subject for a painting

260
Q

pier

A

vertical mass of masonry, e.g. supporting members in an arcade

261
Q

pigment

A

powder giving paints, etc. color

262
Q

pilaster

A

flat vertical member projecting slightly from wall surface; has base, shaft and capital-decorative unlike column

263
Q

pillar

A

any vertical support; includes column, pliaster and pier

264
Q

pinnacle

A

small ornamental turret

265
Q

plan

A

drawing representing a building; arrangement of parts for building; horizontal cross-section

266
Q

plane

A

flat surace

267
Q

plasticity

A

3D qualities of a form

268
Q

platinum print

A

photo print on paper with platinum emulsion (instead of usual silver)

269
Q

podium

A

high platform base of etruscan or roman temple; ground floor of a building

270
Q

polychrome

A

made with multiple colors

271
Q

portico

A

porch with a colonnade, entablature and pediment

272
Q

post-and-lintel system

A

simple, ancient construction with 2 or more upright posts, supporting horizontal lintel

273
Q

predella

A

base of a large altar

274
Q

primary colors

A

three basic hues of red, yellow and blue

275
Q

primary structure

A

minimal sculpture using basic geometrical shapes and solids

276
Q

print

A

any image made by a process to make multiple copies

277
Q

printing out paper

A

photo paper where image produced by exposure to light; no chemical development

278
Q

profile

A

side view of an object; cross section of a molding

279
Q

program

A

underlying conceptual scheme; architecture: all requirements for a project

280
Q

pronaos

A

entrance chamberr preceding naos in greek temple

281
Q

proportion

A

ratio/proportion of parts or objects to each other

282
Q

psalter

A

book containing the psalms of the bible

283
Q

pylon

A

egyptian gateway to temple; each tower in that gateway

284
Q

qibla

A

direction faced by moslems when praying; direction of mecca

285
Q

quatrefoil

A

ornamental figure of four lobes/foils

286
Q

red-figured

A

greek red pottery painting with figure outlined in black then fill in background in black, figure stays red

287
Q

refectory

A

dining hall of monastery

288
Q

register

A

decorative horizontal band in egyptian tomb or greek vase

289
Q

regula

A

band with guttae on an entablature

290
Q

relief sculpture

A

sculpture carved or cast to project from a surface; not freestanding

291
Q

respond

A

pilaster projecting from a wall to support an arch, rib, etc. ( e.g. pilasters on a wall behind a colonnade)
noun

292
Q

rhythm

A

in visual arts, regular repetition of a form; may be quick, moderate, measured or slow

293
Q

rhyton

A

ancient drinking horn; shaped like head or body of animal

294
Q

rib

A

slender arched support in roman and gothic arches

295
Q

rosette

A

ornament resembling flower

296
Q

rose window

A

huge circular window, with stained glass and tracery

297
Q

rusticated

A

masonry built with deeply recessed joints

298
Q

sacristy

A

room in the church where sacred vessels are kept

299
Q

salon

A

reception room in large french house

300
Q

sanctuary

A

space containing sacred objects

301
Q

sanguine

A

reddish-brown chalk

302
Q

sarcophagus

A

large stone coffin

303
Q

saturation

A

=intesity=chroma=vividness or purity of color

304
Q

scale

A

graduated series (e.g. from white to balck);measuring strip for a plan; relative size of objects

305
Q

school

A

group of artists working in similar style

306
Q

scriptorium

A

workroom in a monastery for writing and illuminating manuscripts

307
Q

secondary colors

A

colors resulting from mixing two primary colors

308
Q

section

A

representation showing a vertical cross-section

309
Q

sfumato

A

subtle gradations of light and dark; devloped by leonardo

310
Q

shade

A

color mixed with black

311
Q

shading

A

darkening parts of artwork to to suggest shadows and light

312
Q

shadow

A

darkened part of artwork; suggests no direct light

313
Q

shape

A

form made by line turning or meeting, needn’t be enclosed

314
Q

shaped canvas

A

painting on non-rectangular canvas

315
Q

shutter

A

hinged cover for window; camera mechanism for controlling duration of exposure

316
Q

side aisle

A

corridor parallel to nave in a chuch

317
Q

silkscreen

A

print made on silk using stencils

318
Q

silver bromide print

A

photo print on paper with silver bromide emulsion

319
Q

simultaneity

A

representation of 4D (time) in 2D or 3D art, showing succesive actions simultaneously

320
Q

sinopia

A

reddish-brown earth color; fullscale red drawing on rough plaster

321
Q

skeletal construction

A

construction with weight-bearing members reduced to slender framework

322
Q

soft sculpture

A

3D art made from canvas, felt, latex, foam etc. (soft materials)

323
Q

span

A

distance between members supporting arches, etc.

324
Q

stalactities

A

tiny decorative hanging arches in islamic architecture

325
Q

stele

A

upright slab with commemorative reief or inscirptions

326
Q

stereobate

A

solid mass of masonry serving as base of building

327
Q

stereometric

A

science of measuring solids

328
Q

stereotomy

A

art of cutting stones into geometrical shapes

329
Q

stereoscope

A

device for viewing 2 photos taken in stereo

330
Q

stucco

A

strong plaster used for sculptural and architectural decoration

331
Q

style

A

distinctive way of making art; reflects period, artist, or place

332
Q

stylobate

A

sits above stereobate, columns rest on this

333
Q

subject

A

main focus of representation; as opposed to form and content

334
Q

sublime

A

Awe-inspring; grand; immense; powerful

335
Q

aesthetic categories

A

in eighteenth century; include Sublime, Picturesque and Beautiful

336
Q

sun-break

A

screen projecting from wall to shade windows

337
Q

superimposed orders

A

orders (columns+entablatures) placed vertically above each other in multi-story building

338
Q

symmetry

A

correspondence around an axis; gives balance

339
Q

tabernacle

A

portable tent sanctuary; small cupboard in an altar holding sacramental bread and wine; architecture: space containg a statue framed by columns/pilasters supporting an entablature or pediment.
noun

340
Q

tablinum

A

roman home’s recess or chamber for keeping records and portraits

341
Q

tactile

A

pertaining to sense of touch

342
Q

taenia

A

in entablature, thin flat molding separating architrave from frieze

343
Q

tempera

A

pigments mixed with water soluble media; leave matte surface when dry

344
Q

terracotta

A

fired clay; color of terracotta brownish red

345
Q

tesserae

A

small squares of stone or glass used in mosaics

346
Q

thermae

A

roman public bath: composed of tepidarium, caldarium and frigidarium, etc
“Ruins of the thermal still exist…”

347
Q

tholos

A

circular building in greek and roman architecture

348
Q

thrust

A

downward pressure exerted by gravity on arch or vault

Sentence: trust is strongest at the haunches

349
Q

tint

A

synonum for color; hue mixed with white

350
Q

tone

A

a value or shade
Sentence: During the 16th century, tonal painting, in which an entire composition is treated in broad areas of light and dark, largely replaced the bright and even hues, the regular modeling, and overall clarity favored by artists of the Early Renaissance.
Sentence: The tonal contrast between the fruit and the background…

351
Q

torchere

A

decorative support for candelabra; floorlamp with upward flaring shade

352
Q

tracery

A

ornamental carving in geometric patterns

353
Q

transept

A

sideways extensions of a church, go north/south

354
Q

transparency

A

image on transparent material (glass, film etc) to be seen by projection; see-through surface;

355
Q

trefoil

A

ornamental figure composed of three lobes/foils

356
Q

triforium

A

part of a church; arcade level of nave wall

357
Q

triglyph

A

in a frieze,vertical block divided into 3 sections

358
Q

triptych

A

altarpiece of three folding panels

359
Q

trophy

A

ornament composed from spoils of war

360
Q

trumeau

A

pillar in the center of a large doorway to support the lintel

361
Q

truss

A

framework of wood or metal members fastened to form rigid triangles

362
Q

turret

A

small slender tower, may contain a staircase

363
Q

tympanum

A

classical architecture, recessed face of a pediment; medieval architecture, surface enclosed by arch and lintel in arched doorway

364
Q

underpainting

A

preparatory painting in lines and broad washes on plain canvas to establish the main contours and values
Sentence: The brown underpainting darkens the entire piece

365
Q

value

A

property of a color as light/high or dark/low

Sentence: The painting uses colors which are high in value (light).

366
Q

vanishing point

A

point(s) of convergence for perspective in 2D art

367
Q

vault

A

arched ceiling of brick, stone or concrete; types are tunnel/barrel vault, cross/groin vault

368
Q

veduta

A

accurate depiction of a well-know and noteworthy place

369
Q

vellum

A

calf-skin parchment used in medieval manuscripts

370
Q

vestibule

A

hall between main entrance and interior of a building

371
Q

viewpoint

A

point from which viewer looks at something

Example: The works of Picasso often have different parts of an object shown from different viewpoints.

372
Q

villa

A

luxurious rural or suburban residence; retreat

373
Q

volume

A

3D quantity, bounded or enclosed, solid or void

374
Q

volute

A

ornament resembling rolled scroll, on capitals

375
Q

voussoirs

A

wedge-shaped stones used to contruct arch

376
Q

wall

A

very broad upright structure serving as a barrier, enclosure or support

377
Q

warm colors

A

hues associated with fire: reds, oranges and yellows

378
Q

wash

A

broad thin film of highly diluted pigment

379
Q

watercolor

A

pigments mixed with water-soluble gum, applid in broad washes

380
Q

westwork

A

multistory, turreted church front

381
Q

wet plate process

A

method of making photos, in 1800s, replaced daguerrotype and calotype (exposures minutes); exposures only a few seconds

382
Q

woodcut

A

print from design raised on a wooden block, by carving out the negative space

383
Q

workshop

A

apprentices and assistants who help an artist; building/room they work in

384
Q

ziggurat

A

in sumerian and assyrian architecture, high temple platform made of mud bricks