From Abacus to Zeus Flashcards
(384 cards)
1
Q
abacus
A
uppermost part of a capital (crowning member of a column), forming a slab upon which the architrave (lowest member of an entablature) rests
2
Q
abbey
A
monastery governed by an abbot; has church
3
Q
acanthus
A
prickly plant of the Mediterranean region with large, scalloped leaves which are freely imitated on the capitals of the Corinthian and Composite orders (column and entablature)
4
Q
acrylic
A
water-soluble painting medium; acrylic paints dry quickly and are water-resistant, non-fading and non-yellowing
5
Q
action painting
A
dynamic form of Abstract Expressionism made with broad movements of the artist’s arm while holding a brush etc. (what Pollock did)
Sentence: Action painting was popular…
6
Q
aesthetic
A
pertaining to the beautiful or, more broadly, to art in general; a particular view of art or beauty
7
Q
albumen print
A
a photographic print on paper coated with albumen; popular from 1850-1900, glossy buts fades
8
Q
altar
A
a structure upon which offerings are placed or sacrifices made to a deity
9
Q
altarpiece
A
a painted or sculptured panel or shrine placed behind and above an altar
10
Q
ambulatory
A
a place for walking, usually covered, as the passage around a cloister or peristyle; the passageway around the apse of a church
11
Q
amorphous
A
formless
12
Q
amphora
A
a Greek storage jar with a large egg-shaped body and two handles, each springing from the shoulder of the jar and attached to the neck
13
Q
andachtsbild
A
highly emotive paintings and sculpture made for private devotion beginning in late 1200s
Sentence: The Andachtsbild uses dull colors to emphasize grief…
14
Q
appropriation
A
the borrowing, by an artist, of images or objects from one context and their insertion into another
Sentence: The appropriation of the painting in the sculpture…
15
Q
apse
A
a large niche (hollow in wall) facing the nave of a church; half-cylinder covered with a half-dome
16
Q
aquatint
A
a print made by an etching process in which broad tonal areas of one or more values are printed from a metal plate
17
Q
aqueduct
A
ancient Roman architecture: a masonry channel conveying large volumed of water to cities over great distances by the force of gravity
18
Q
architrave
A
the lowest member of an entablature, resting directly on the capitals of columns or pilasters
19
Q
archivolt
A
the molding framing an arch; Romanesque/Gothic architecture: each one of the series of arches framing the tympanum of a portal
Sentence: The archivolts framing the tympanum are highly ornamented.
20
Q
armature
A
a skeletal framework of pipe, roads, wire, or wood used by sculptors to support clay, wax, plaster, and other soft or brittle modeling materials to prevent them from sagging or collapsing.
2. framework of iron rods to support stained glass windows
Sentence: The armature of the structure stabilizes it.
21
Q
art brut
A
powerfully expressive works by self-taught artists working largely outside both the traditions of the fine arts and folk art; artists are isolated from society
22
Q
articulated
A
divided into distinct units (architecture)
Sentence: The articulated building…
23
Q
assemblage
A
3d art composed of two or more preformed and only slightly altered found objects
Sentence: noun (the assemblage looked…)
24
Q
atmospheric perspective
A
the representation of spatial effects which are caused by the interposition of the atmosphere between the viewer and distant objects (e.g. blurring of outlines, alteration of hue towards blue, etc.)
Sentence: Atmospheric perspective is used in the painting; the painter blurred the outline of the painting.
25
atrium
open entrance court of a Roman house; the open court in front of a church
noun
26
attic
a story above the main entablature of a classical building, frequently ornamented with pilasters aligned with the order below
noun
27
autochrome
a photographic color transparency (image on transparent material) consisting of a glass plate coated with a layer of primary color grains of starch and a b/w panchromatic emulsion
28
automatism
the creation of forms without conscious control (e.g. chance placement of strings randomly laid down/not repositioned; glued down as they fell by Duchamp)
Sentence: Automatism was a fundamental principle...
29
avant-garde
artists, critics, and patrons who are leaders of taste, espousing innovative, unconventional, or experimental concepts and techniques despite the opposition of established opinion
30
axis
an imaginary line passing through a figure, building, etc. about which its principal parts are arranged
31
axonometric drawing
an architectural or mechanical drawing presenting an object in three dimensions with all lines drawn to the same scale
32
balance
the achievement of equilibrium among the various parts of a composition
Sentence: The red figure on the right balances the person on the left.
33
balloon
a rounded outlined shape in a cartoon or comic strip which contains the words or thoughts of a character
34
balustrade
a handrail supported by short pillars (balusters); any low wall or parapet; on many Renaissance and Baroque buildings, balustrades appear above the main entablature
35
baptistery
a chamber or freestanding structure containing a basin for performing the rite of Baptism; Italian ones are often separate from main body of church
36
basilica
originally any large hall (Romans); adopted by Early Christians to designate their churches because they were also meeting halls
37
bay
the space between any two of a series of similar architectural members, usually principal supports
noun
38
bimorphic
having the form of a living organism; free-flowing curves (abstract/minimally representational are bimorphs)
39
black-figured
the figures and objects were painted primarily in black against a lighter ground, usually the natural clay; applied to a type of Greek vase painting the seventh/sixth centuries BCE
Sentence: the black figure vase portrays Apollo.
40
blind arcade
an arcade attached to a wall so that the arches, although they project from the wall, are not open but blocked with masonry
41
block book
a type of devotional picture book popular in 1400s; text on same block as picture
42
book of hours
a book for private devotions containing prayers for the different canonical hours of the day
43
burin
pointed steel cutting tool, or graver, used to make the lines, or "tailless" of an engraving
44
bust
a sculpture of a person showing only the upper part of the body
45
buttress
a vertical mass of masonry built against a wall to strengthen it, often against the thrust of an arch or vault on the other side
Sentence: Each buttress used supports the wall...
46
calligraphy
the art of ornamental penmanship or brushwork
47
calotype
the first negative-positive process of photography; faster than first daguerrotypes plus more convenient but worse quality
48
camera
a lightproof box equipped for holding light-sensitive film or plates opposite a lens
49
camera obscura
a drawing device, consisting of a light-proof box fitted with a lens projecting a reduced image of an external subject upon a translucent screen for tracing
50
campanile
an Italian bell tower, especially one that is freestanding
51
canopy
Gothic architecture: a small ornamental roof-like projection often used to shelter a statue; a covering above a throne, bed, altar, etc.
52
cantilever
a beam or slab projecting a considerable distance beyond a post or wall but held down at one end only
noun
53
capital
the crowning member of a column, pilaster, pier, or shaft; often richly ornated
54
carte de visite (visiting card)
a small photograph, usually a portrait, rarely actually used as a visiting card; 1860s fad
55
cartoon
a humorous or satirical drawing; a full-size drawing for a painting, made to be transferred to a wall, canvas, or panel as a guide in painting the finished work
56
caryatid
a female figure used as a column; a male supporting figure is an atlas
57
casein
a painting medium made from fresh milk curd; opaque/brittle; usually used on smooth, rigid surfaces; strong adhesive
Sentence: Casein paint is quick-drying and mat.
58
casting
a method of reproducing a work of sculpture by pouring a hardening liquid into a mold bearing its impression
Sentence: The casting of the sculpture...
59
catacomb
an ancient Roman underground cemetery, consisting of an often complex network of corridors connecting a multitude of chambers on different levels; the walls of the corridors have tiered niches for graves; also burial chambers/fresco paintings
60
cathedral
the church of a bishop, containing his "cathedra" or throne
61
cella
the main chamber of a Greek or Roman temple, built to house the cult image; the whole main body of a temple, excluding the portico (traditional porch)
62
chapel
a small church; a compartment in a church containing an altar dedicated to a saint
63
chartreuse
a monastery of the Carthusian order
64
chateau
the French word for castle, applied originally only to fortified dwellings, but now, to any French country house
65
chiaroscuro
the gradations of light and dark within a picture: forms are largely determined by meeting of lighter and darker areas, not by sharp outlines
Sentence: The use of chiaroscuro in the painting...
66
chloride print
a photographic print made on paper coated with a gelatin emulsion containing silver chloride
67
choir
the area in a church reserved for singers and clergy; sometimes the entire east end of a church beyond the crossing
68
choir screen
a screen, often elaborately carved, separating the choir from the nave of a church
69
chronophotograph
a multiple-exposure photograph of a subject in continuous motion, showing different positions exposed separately at very short intervals on a single negative
70
clerestory
a clear story, i.e. a row of windows in the upper part of a wall; in churches, the clerestory windows above the roofs of the side aisles permit direct illumination of the nave
71
cloister
a court bounded by covered walks or ambulatories, frequently on the south side of the churches of monasteries; the covered walk of such a court
72
closed form
an individual element or the whole composition of a painting, sculpture, or building which is self-contained and does not refer to the surrounding environment
Sentence: The closed form appears solid and permanent.
The closed composition utilizes balance effectively.
73
Codex
manuscript; bound book
74
coffer
casket or box; recessed panel in ceiling
| noun
75
collage
composition of various materials
76
color field painting
painting on a large scale with broad areas of a single color
| noun
77
Colossal order
when columns go through more than one story of a building
| noun
78
column
cylindrical pillar: has 3 parts 1) base 2) shaft 3) capital
79
combination print
photo print made from 2 or more separate negatives
80
complementary color
hue forms grey when mixed with its complement; opposite on the color whell
Sentence: The use of blue and orange on the woman creates contrast and intrigue because the colors are complementary.
81
composition
arrangement of forms in a work or art
Sentence: The contrasting of the colors and the unbalanced positioning of the subject affect the composition of the piece in that they create tension.
82
pier
vertical mass of masonry; wall
83
compound pier
pier with columns attached to it
84
conceptual art
art where concepts/ideas are more important than the forms
85
connoisseur
expert in a specific artist or type of art
86
construction
sculpture made by joining together a number of separate parts by nailing, welding, etc., rather than by traditional processes such as modeling, casting, and carving
noun
87
conte crayon
chalk-like synthetic pencil for drawing
88
continuous narration
representation in one space of events at different times; the same characters can be repeated
Sentence: Continuous narration was largely abandoned...
89
contour
the outline of an object, especially when it suggests volume
| noun; sentence: The weak contour of Venus in the painting blends in with her surroundings.
90
contrapposto
disposition of parts of body so they form oblique axes turning around a central vertical axis
Sentence: The sculpture strays from the columnar Ancient Egyptian statues; it reflects the development of contrapposto.
91
cool colors
blue and associated hues; appear to recede
92
cornice
topmost part of an entablature
93
crenellated
building with notches (low walls) at its top
| adjective (the crenellated building)
94
cromlech
prehistoric monument with upright stones, like Stonehenge
95
crossing
area in the middle of the church where nave and transept cross
96
crypt
vaulted underground chamber, usually a tomb
97
daguerreotype
old fashioned photo, directly onto a plate (no negative)
98
decalcomania
type of automatism in which images are made by pressing one freshly painted or inked surface against another; transfer to ceramics/etc. designs on special paper
noun
99
diptych
two paneled artwork that fold together
| noun
100
dolmen
prehistoric monument with two upright boulders supporting a third, forming a chamber, thought to have served as a tomb
101
dome
curved vault on a circular or polygon base
102
domus
large house for rich family in Roman times
103
Donjon
archaic spelling of dungeon
104
drapery
the way fabric is draped on people in sculpture or painting
| noun
105
droleries
playful drawings in: medieval manuscripts or carvings in furniture
plural noun
106
drum
cylindrical or polygon wall rising above the main part of a building
107
drypoint
print made from a type of engraved metal plate
108
earth art
very large-scale outdoor sculpture
109
echinus
part of a doric column
110
elevation
one side of a building; an exact drawing of one side of a building
111
enamel
colored glass applied to metal
112
encautic
method of painting with pigments suspended in molten wax
113
engaged leg
leg on which a figure is resting its weight
114
engraving
print made from a design cut into a metal plate
115
enlarger
projector used to magnify or reduce the size of a photo print
116
entablature
the parts resting on top of a column: made up of architrave, frieze and cornice
117
entasis
part at the top of a column that gently swells out, seems to support the entablature
118
environment
work of art made of multiple objects which can be entered by the viewer; distinct from architecture constructions
119
environmental sculpture
large scale art, can enter or walk on it; distinguished from environment by being one single piece
120
equestrian
representations of people on horseback
121
etching
print made from acid engraved metal
122
exposure
presentation of photo film or paper to light
123
facade
front of a building
124
faience
pottery with opaque glaze
125
fasces
bundle of rods bound with straps, can be a handle for a blade
126
ferroconcrete
reinforced concrete; concrete with metal rods and mesh in it for strength
127
fete galante
elegant party; used to describe paintings with that subject
128
figure-ground relationship
relation of object to the background
129
film
thin transparent material coated with light-sensitive chemicals
130
filter
transparent material put in front of lens or enlarger to alter photo
131
fine arts
visual arts; painting, sculpture and architecture
132
finial
end piece ornament on a stair railing, house gable, etc
133
flat color
color broadly applied to a painting, with no contouring
134
fluting
shallow vertical grooves in a column
135
focal point
dominant area of interest; eyes focus more frequently on this
136
folk art
art by people with no special training in fine arts
137
foreshortening
making objects seem three dimensional, using decreasing size for perspective
138
forum
in ancient rome, a public square
139
found object
objet trouve; accidentally encountered thing selected by artist as art
140
Four dimensional
art including fourth dimension of time, using sequences, motion etc.
141
free leg
relaxed leg, not bearing weight
142
fresco
a painting on plaster (wall)
143
frieze
middle part of the entablature
144
frontal
object facing viewer directly; not foreshortened
145
frottage
reproducing a textured surface by rubbing paper on it with charcoal, crayon, etc
146
f-stop
a camera lens setting; ratio between focal length and diameter of aperture
147
gable
triangular area below roof decorating the front of a house
148
gallery
long room or corridor; open second story in a church
149
gelatin-silver print
photo print using silver in gelatin
150
genre
genre scene=representation of everyday life
151
gisant
representation on a tomb of the dead person
152
glaze
glassy coat applied to pottery
153
gold ground
background of gold leaf
154
gospel book
book containing four Gospels of the New Testament
155
graffiti
words and images scratched, painted or chalked in public places
156
graphic arts
ambiguous; includes printmaking, photography and drawing
157
groundline
single line use to indicate the level of the groud
158
ground plane
surface on which people and objects stand in artworks
159
gum print
photo print made on paper with gum emulsion (not gelatin)
160
guttae
means "drops" in latin; peg-like decorations in an entablature
161
hallenkirche
means "hall church" in german; nave and side aisles of equal height
162
hand
unique style of an artist
163
handling
particular way an artist works with the medium
164
happening
art event, partially planned, but leaving a large part to chance
165
hard-edge painting
large-scale abstract paintings with areas of flat color
166
hatching
parallel lines used in drawing to darken an area
167
crosshatching
one set of hatching perpendicularly over another
168
heliograph
name given to photos by inventor of photography (1826)
169
highlights
parts of an object that reflect the most light
170
hotel
large french town house
171
HUE
property of a color on the band of the visible specrum of light
172
hydria
ancient greek water jar
173
icon
religious panel paintings in Orthodox Christianity
174
iconography
study of a particular subject matter by artists over time
175
illuminated manuscript
a manuscript decorated with paintings and drawings
176
illusionism
attempt to represent visual phenomena as completely as possible
177
impasto
paint applied with the consistency of thick paste
178
installation
temporary work of art, created for a specific place
179
insula
a block or group of buildings in a Roman city
180
jamb
side of a doorway or window frame
181
juxtaposition; juxtaposed
putting elements in close proximity
182
keep
massive central tower of a castle
183
kinetic sculpture
sculpture made to be seen in motion
184
kouros
archaic greek statue of a standing nude youth
185
korai
archaic greek statue of clothed maidens
186
krater
ancient greek pottery bowl
187
kylix
ancient greek drinking cup
188
lantern
turret crowning a dome or roof; tower above a church
189
lapis lazuli
semiprecious blue
190
lekythos
ancient greek oil flask
191
lens
transparent material with curved surface which bend light rays
192
line
mark left by a moving point
193
lintel
horizontal beam spanning the opening between jambs or columns
194
lithograph
print from a design drawn on limestone
195
local color
color of an object in normal daylight without shadows
196
loggia
covered passage with open area on a side or sides
197
lunette
semicirular opening or surface
198
madrasah
arabic place of study
199
manuscript
handwritten book or document, original or copy
200
masonry
construction in stone, brick or concrete
201
mastaba
stone bench in arabic; rectangular egyptian tomb
202
mat; matt; matte
opposite of glossy; lusterless
203
medium
physical material used by artist; fluid in which pigment is suspended
204
megalithic
made of huge stones
205
megaron
large oblong hall in minoan or mycenaean palace
206
metope
in a frieze, one of the panels
207
mezzanine
low story of a building, between two taller ones
208
mihrab
a niche in a wall of a mosque
209
minaret
a tower of a mosque, tall and slender
210
miniature
any illumination in a manscript; very small portrait
211
minimal art
fine art with extreme simplicity of form and/or process
212
mixed media
use of two or more media; generic term for complex environmental works
213
mobile
hanging or suspended construction of moveable parts
214
modeling
creation of 3D form from clay or similar; suggestion of 3D form in painting and drawing (shading)
215
module
basic unit in determining proportions, e.g. height of head in drawing of a human
216
molding
band of grooves or projections on building surfaces
217
monastery
dwelling of a community of monks
218
monochrome
painting in various values of a single color
219
grisaille
painting in various shade of gray
220
monolith
single very large stone
221
monumental
descriptive of grand, massive, and permanent art
222
mosaic
decoration made of small pieces of colored stone or glass
223
motif
prominent feature of the subject of a piece of art; natural landscape
224
mural
large painting on a wall
225
mutule
flat part of cornice with guttae on it
226
naos
main body of a temple
227
narthex
entrance hall of a church
228
nave
big central space in a church
229
negative
a photo image where values are opposite of original subject
230
niche
a nook in a wall for a statue or other decoration
231
obelisk
tall slender square monolith tapering to a pyramid at the top
232
odalique
female harem slave; popular subject for 19th cent french painters
233
oil painting
painted with pigments mixed in drying oils
234
open form
individual element of a composition which extends in its surroundings, including figures looking out of the frame or extending out of frame
235
orders
architectural: the total of column and entablature
236
orientation
architectural: position building along east/west axis, churches positioned with altar at the east end
237
painterly
visual art in any medium when conceived in broad masses of light and dark
238
palazzo
large italian town house
239
palette
surface for mixing paints
240
palette knife
spatula (looks like a knife) for working with oil paint
241
papyrus
writing material made from papyrus plant in ancient egypt
242
parchment
animal skin used for writing or painting on
243
vellum
type of parchment
244
pastel
pigment mixed in gum and formed into sticks; pale color
245
pavilion
light ornamental building; large-scale wing of a building
246
pediment
gable formed by the two sloped roofs of a temple or similar shaped architectural part
247
pelike
ancient greek vase, pear-shaped
248
pendentive
triangular section of vaulting, supporting a dome
249
performance art
generic term, including mime, theater, dance music and video with strong visual focus
250
peripteral
building with columns all around
251
colonnade
series of columns in a row
252
peristyle
colonnade around peripteral building; garden surrounded by columns in a roman house
253
perspective
representation in 2D of 3D objects
254
photogram
permanent image made directly from light on a sensitized surface; includes heliograph, daguerrotype and calotype
255
photomontage
image made by combining 2 or more photos
256
piazza
public square in italian
257
picture plane
surface on which picture is painted
258
picture space
space appearing to extend back beyond the pciture plane
259
picturesque
like a picture; suitable subject for a painting
260
pier
vertical mass of masonry, e.g. supporting members in an arcade
261
pigment
powder giving paints, etc. color
262
pilaster
flat vertical member projecting slightly from wall surface; has base, shaft and capital-decorative unlike column
263
pillar
any vertical support; includes column, pliaster and pier
264
pinnacle
small ornamental turret
265
plan
drawing representing a building; arrangement of parts for building; horizontal cross-section
266
plane
flat surace
267
plasticity
3D qualities of a form
268
platinum print
photo print on paper with platinum emulsion (instead of usual silver)
269
podium
high platform base of etruscan or roman temple; ground floor of a building
270
polychrome
made with multiple colors
271
portico
porch with a colonnade, entablature and pediment
272
post-and-lintel system
simple, ancient construction with 2 or more upright posts, supporting horizontal lintel
273
predella
base of a large altar
274
primary colors
three basic hues of red, yellow and blue
275
primary structure
minimal sculpture using basic geometrical shapes and solids
276
print
any image made by a process to make multiple copies
277
printing out paper
photo paper where image produced by exposure to light; no chemical development
278
profile
side view of an object; cross section of a molding
279
program
underlying conceptual scheme; architecture: all requirements for a project
280
pronaos
entrance chamberr preceding naos in greek temple
281
proportion
ratio/proportion of parts or objects to each other
282
psalter
book containing the psalms of the bible
283
pylon
egyptian gateway to temple; each tower in that gateway
284
qibla
direction faced by moslems when praying; direction of mecca
285
quatrefoil
ornamental figure of four lobes/foils
286
red-figured
greek red pottery painting with figure outlined in black then fill in background in black, figure stays red
287
refectory
dining hall of monastery
288
register
decorative horizontal band in egyptian tomb or greek vase
289
regula
band with guttae on an entablature
290
relief sculpture
sculpture carved or cast to project from a surface; not freestanding
291
respond
pilaster projecting from a wall to support an arch, rib, etc. ( e.g. pilasters on a wall behind a colonnade)
noun
292
rhythm
in visual arts, regular repetition of a form; may be quick, moderate, measured or slow
293
rhyton
ancient drinking horn; shaped like head or body of animal
294
rib
slender arched support in roman and gothic arches
295
rosette
ornament resembling flower
296
rose window
huge circular window, with stained glass and tracery
297
rusticated
masonry built with deeply recessed joints
298
sacristy
room in the church where sacred vessels are kept
299
salon
reception room in large french house
300
sanctuary
space containing sacred objects
301
sanguine
reddish-brown chalk
302
sarcophagus
large stone coffin
303
saturation
=intesity=chroma=vividness or purity of color
304
scale
graduated series (e.g. from white to balck);measuring strip for a plan; relative size of objects
305
school
group of artists working in similar style
306
scriptorium
workroom in a monastery for writing and illuminating manuscripts
307
secondary colors
colors resulting from mixing two primary colors
308
section
representation showing a vertical cross-section
309
sfumato
subtle gradations of light and dark; devloped by leonardo
310
shade
color mixed with black
311
shading
darkening parts of artwork to to suggest shadows and light
312
shadow
darkened part of artwork; suggests no direct light
313
shape
form made by line turning or meeting, needn't be enclosed
314
shaped canvas
painting on non-rectangular canvas
315
shutter
hinged cover for window; camera mechanism for controlling duration of exposure
316
side aisle
corridor parallel to nave in a chuch
317
silkscreen
print made on silk using stencils
318
silver bromide print
photo print on paper with silver bromide emulsion
319
simultaneity
representation of 4D (time) in 2D or 3D art, showing succesive actions simultaneously
320
sinopia
reddish-brown earth color; fullscale red drawing on rough plaster
321
skeletal construction
construction with weight-bearing members reduced to slender framework
322
soft sculpture
3D art made from canvas, felt, latex, foam etc. (soft materials)
323
span
distance between members supporting arches, etc.
324
stalactities
tiny decorative hanging arches in islamic architecture
325
stele
upright slab with commemorative reief or inscirptions
326
stereobate
solid mass of masonry serving as base of building
327
stereometric
science of measuring solids
328
stereotomy
art of cutting stones into geometrical shapes
329
stereoscope
device for viewing 2 photos taken in stereo
330
stucco
strong plaster used for sculptural and architectural decoration
331
style
distinctive way of making art; reflects period, artist, or place
332
stylobate
sits above stereobate, columns rest on this
333
subject
main focus of representation; as opposed to form and content
334
sublime
Awe-inspring; grand; immense; powerful
335
aesthetic categories
in eighteenth century; include Sublime, Picturesque and Beautiful
336
sun-break
screen projecting from wall to shade windows
337
superimposed orders
orders (columns+entablatures) placed vertically above each other in multi-story building
338
symmetry
correspondence around an axis; gives balance
339
tabernacle
portable tent sanctuary; small cupboard in an altar holding sacramental bread and wine; architecture: space containg a statue framed by columns/pilasters supporting an entablature or pediment.
noun
340
tablinum
roman home's recess or chamber for keeping records and portraits
341
tactile
pertaining to sense of touch
342
taenia
in entablature, thin flat molding separating architrave from frieze
343
tempera
pigments mixed with water soluble media; leave matte surface when dry
344
terracotta
fired clay; color of terracotta brownish red
345
tesserae
small squares of stone or glass used in mosaics
346
thermae
roman public bath: composed of tepidarium, caldarium and frigidarium, etc
"Ruins of the thermal still exist..."
347
tholos
circular building in greek and roman architecture
348
thrust
downward pressure exerted by gravity on arch or vault
| Sentence: trust is strongest at the haunches
349
tint
synonum for color; hue mixed with white
350
tone
a value or shade
Sentence: During the 16th century, tonal painting, in which an entire composition is treated in broad areas of light and dark, largely replaced the bright and even hues, the regular modeling, and overall clarity favored by artists of the Early Renaissance.
Sentence: The tonal contrast between the fruit and the background...
351
torchere
decorative support for candelabra; floorlamp with upward flaring shade
352
tracery
ornamental carving in geometric patterns
353
transept
sideways extensions of a church, go north/south
354
transparency
image on transparent material (glass, film etc) to be seen by projection; see-through surface;
355
trefoil
ornamental figure composed of three lobes/foils
356
triforium
part of a church; arcade level of nave wall
357
triglyph
in a frieze,vertical block divided into 3 sections
358
triptych
altarpiece of three folding panels
359
trophy
ornament composed from spoils of war
360
trumeau
pillar in the center of a large doorway to support the lintel
361
truss
framework of wood or metal members fastened to form rigid triangles
362
turret
small slender tower, may contain a staircase
363
tympanum
classical architecture, recessed face of a pediment; medieval architecture, surface enclosed by arch and lintel in arched doorway
364
underpainting
preparatory painting in lines and broad washes on plain canvas to establish the main contours and values
Sentence: The brown underpainting darkens the entire piece
365
value
property of a color as light/high or dark/low
| Sentence: The painting uses colors which are high in value (light).
366
vanishing point
point(s) of convergence for perspective in 2D art
367
vault
arched ceiling of brick, stone or concrete; types are tunnel/barrel vault, cross/groin vault
368
veduta
accurate depiction of a well-know and noteworthy place
369
vellum
calf-skin parchment used in medieval manuscripts
370
vestibule
hall between main entrance and interior of a building
371
viewpoint
point from which viewer looks at something
| Example: The works of Picasso often have different parts of an object shown from different viewpoints.
372
villa
luxurious rural or suburban residence; retreat
373
volume
3D quantity, bounded or enclosed, solid or void
374
volute
ornament resembling rolled scroll, on capitals
375
voussoirs
wedge-shaped stones used to contruct arch
376
wall
very broad upright structure serving as a barrier, enclosure or support
377
warm colors
hues associated with fire: reds, oranges and yellows
378
wash
broad thin film of highly diluted pigment
379
watercolor
pigments mixed with water-soluble gum, applid in broad washes
380
westwork
multistory, turreted church front
381
wet plate process
method of making photos, in 1800s, replaced daguerrotype and calotype (exposures minutes); exposures only a few seconds
382
woodcut
print from design raised on a wooden block, by carving out the negative space
383
workshop
apprentices and assistants who help an artist; building/room they work in
384
ziggurat
in sumerian and assyrian architecture, high temple platform made of mud bricks
