abacus
uppermost part of a capital (crowning member of a column), forming a slab upon which the architrave (lowest member of an entablature) rests
abbey
monastery governed by an abbot; has church
acanthus
prickly plant of the Mediterranean region with large, scalloped leaves which are freely imitated on the capitals of the Corinthian and Composite orders (column and entablature)
acrylic
water-soluble painting medium; acrylic paints dry quickly and are water-resistant, non-fading and non-yellowing
action painting
dynamic form of Abstract Expressionism made with broad movements of the artist’s arm while holding a brush etc. (what Pollock did)
Sentence: Action painting was popular…
aesthetic
pertaining to the beautiful or, more broadly, to art in general; a particular view of art or beauty
albumen print
a photographic print on paper coated with albumen; popular from 1850-1900, glossy buts fades
altar
a structure upon which offerings are placed or sacrifices made to a deity
altarpiece
a painted or sculptured panel or shrine placed behind and above an altar
ambulatory
a place for walking, usually covered, as the passage around a cloister or peristyle; the passageway around the apse of a church
amorphous
formless
amphora
a Greek storage jar with a large egg-shaped body and two handles, each springing from the shoulder of the jar and attached to the neck
andachtsbild
highly emotive paintings and sculpture made for private devotion beginning in late 1200s
Sentence: The Andachtsbild uses dull colors to emphasize grief…
appropriation
the borrowing, by an artist, of images or objects from one context and their insertion into another
Sentence: The appropriation of the painting in the sculpture…
apse
a large niche (hollow in wall) facing the nave of a church; half-cylinder covered with a half-dome
aquatint
a print made by an etching process in which broad tonal areas of one or more values are printed from a metal plate
aqueduct
ancient Roman architecture: a masonry channel conveying large volumed of water to cities over great distances by the force of gravity
architrave
the lowest member of an entablature, resting directly on the capitals of columns or pilasters
archivolt
the molding framing an arch; Romanesque/Gothic architecture: each one of the series of arches framing the tympanum of a portal
Sentence: The archivolts framing the tympanum are highly ornamented.
armature
a skeletal framework of pipe, roads, wire, or wood used by sculptors to support clay, wax, plaster, and other soft or brittle modeling materials to prevent them from sagging or collapsing.
2. framework of iron rods to support stained glass windows
Sentence: The armature of the structure stabilizes it.
art brut
powerfully expressive works by self-taught artists working largely outside both the traditions of the fine arts and folk art; artists are isolated from society
articulated
divided into distinct units (architecture)
Sentence: The articulated building…
assemblage
3d art composed of two or more preformed and only slightly altered found objects
Sentence: noun (the assemblage looked…)
atmospheric perspective
the representation of spatial effects which are caused by the interposition of the atmosphere between the viewer and distant objects (e.g. blurring of outlines, alteration of hue towards blue, etc.)
Sentence: Atmospheric perspective is used in the painting; the painter blurred the outline of the painting.
atrium
open entrance court of a Roman house; the open court in front of a church
noun
attic
a story above the main entablature of a classical building, frequently ornamented with pilasters aligned with the order below
noun
autochrome
a photographic color transparency (image on transparent material) consisting of a glass plate coated with a layer of primary color grains of starch and a b/w panchromatic emulsion
automatism
the creation of forms without conscious control (e.g. chance placement of strings randomly laid down/not repositioned; glued down as they fell by Duchamp)
Sentence: Automatism was a fundamental principle…
avant-garde
artists, critics, and patrons who are leaders of taste, espousing innovative, unconventional, or experimental concepts and techniques despite the opposition of established opinion
axis
an imaginary line passing through a figure, building, etc. about which its principal parts are arranged
axonometric drawing
an architectural or mechanical drawing presenting an object in three dimensions with all lines drawn to the same scale
balance
the achievement of equilibrium among the various parts of a composition
Sentence: The red figure on the right balances the person on the left.
balloon
a rounded outlined shape in a cartoon or comic strip which contains the words or thoughts of a character
balustrade
a handrail supported by short pillars (balusters); any low wall or parapet; on many Renaissance and Baroque buildings, balustrades appear above the main entablature
baptistery
a chamber or freestanding structure containing a basin for performing the rite of Baptism; Italian ones are often separate from main body of church
basilica
originally any large hall (Romans); adopted by Early Christians to designate their churches because they were also meeting halls
bay
the space between any two of a series of similar architectural members, usually principal supports
noun
bimorphic
having the form of a living organism; free-flowing curves (abstract/minimally representational are bimorphs)
black-figured
the figures and objects were painted primarily in black against a lighter ground, usually the natural clay; applied to a type of Greek vase painting the seventh/sixth centuries BCE
Sentence: the black figure vase portrays Apollo.
blind arcade
an arcade attached to a wall so that the arches, although they project from the wall, are not open but blocked with masonry
block book
a type of devotional picture book popular in 1400s; text on same block as picture
book of hours
a book for private devotions containing prayers for the different canonical hours of the day
burin
pointed steel cutting tool, or graver, used to make the lines, or “tailless” of an engraving
bust
a sculpture of a person showing only the upper part of the body
buttress
a vertical mass of masonry built against a wall to strengthen it, often against the thrust of an arch or vault on the other side
Sentence: Each buttress used supports the wall…
calligraphy
the art of ornamental penmanship or brushwork
calotype
the first negative-positive process of photography; faster than first daguerrotypes plus more convenient but worse quality
camera
a lightproof box equipped for holding light-sensitive film or plates opposite a lens
camera obscura
a drawing device, consisting of a light-proof box fitted with a lens projecting a reduced image of an external subject upon a translucent screen for tracing
campanile
an Italian bell tower, especially one that is freestanding
canopy
Gothic architecture: a small ornamental roof-like projection often used to shelter a statue; a covering above a throne, bed, altar, etc.
cantilever
a beam or slab projecting a considerable distance beyond a post or wall but held down at one end only
noun
capital
the crowning member of a column, pilaster, pier, or shaft; often richly ornated
carte de visite (visiting card)
a small photograph, usually a portrait, rarely actually used as a visiting card; 1860s fad
cartoon
a humorous or satirical drawing; a full-size drawing for a painting, made to be transferred to a wall, canvas, or panel as a guide in painting the finished work
caryatid
a female figure used as a column; a male supporting figure is an atlas
casein
a painting medium made from fresh milk curd; opaque/brittle; usually used on smooth, rigid surfaces; strong adhesive
Sentence: Casein paint is quick-drying and mat.
casting
a method of reproducing a work of sculpture by pouring a hardening liquid into a mold bearing its impression
Sentence: The casting of the sculpture…
catacomb
an ancient Roman underground cemetery, consisting of an often complex network of corridors connecting a multitude of chambers on different levels; the walls of the corridors have tiered niches for graves; also burial chambers/fresco paintings
cathedral
the church of a bishop, containing his “cathedra” or throne
cella
the main chamber of a Greek or Roman temple, built to house the cult image; the whole main body of a temple, excluding the portico (traditional porch)
chapel
a small church; a compartment in a church containing an altar dedicated to a saint
chartreuse
a monastery of the Carthusian order
chateau
the French word for castle, applied originally only to fortified dwellings, but now, to any French country house
chiaroscuro
the gradations of light and dark within a picture: forms are largely determined by meeting of lighter and darker areas, not by sharp outlines
Sentence: The use of chiaroscuro in the painting…
chloride print
a photographic print made on paper coated with a gelatin emulsion containing silver chloride
choir
the area in a church reserved for singers and clergy; sometimes the entire east end of a church beyond the crossing
choir screen
a screen, often elaborately carved, separating the choir from the nave of a church
chronophotograph
a multiple-exposure photograph of a subject in continuous motion, showing different positions exposed separately at very short intervals on a single negative
clerestory
a clear story, i.e. a row of windows in the upper part of a wall; in churches, the clerestory windows above the roofs of the side aisles permit direct illumination of the nave
cloister
a court bounded by covered walks or ambulatories, frequently on the south side of the churches of monasteries; the covered walk of such a court
closed form
an individual element or the whole composition of a painting, sculpture, or building which is self-contained and does not refer to the surrounding environment
Sentence: The closed form appears solid and permanent.
The closed composition utilizes balance effectively.
Codex
manuscript; bound book
coffer
casket or box; recessed panel in ceiling
noun
collage
composition of various materials
color field painting
painting on a large scale with broad areas of a single color
noun
Colossal order
when columns go through more than one story of a building
noun
column
cylindrical pillar: has 3 parts 1) base 2) shaft 3) capital
combination print
photo print made from 2 or more separate negatives
complementary color
hue forms grey when mixed with its complement; opposite on the color whell
Sentence: The use of blue and orange on the woman creates contrast and intrigue because the colors are complementary.
composition
arrangement of forms in a work or art
Sentence: The contrasting of the colors and the unbalanced positioning of the subject affect the composition of the piece in that they create tension.
pier
vertical mass of masonry; wall
compound pier
pier with columns attached to it
conceptual art
art where concepts/ideas are more important than the forms
connoisseur
expert in a specific artist or type of art
construction
sculpture made by joining together a number of separate parts by nailing, welding, etc., rather than by traditional processes such as modeling, casting, and carving
noun
conte crayon
chalk-like synthetic pencil for drawing
continuous narration
representation in one space of events at different times; the same characters can be repeated
Sentence: Continuous narration was largely abandoned…
contour
the outline of an object, especially when it suggests volume
noun; sentence: The weak contour of Venus in the painting blends in with her surroundings.
contrapposto
disposition of parts of body so they form oblique axes turning around a central vertical axis
Sentence: The sculpture strays from the columnar Ancient Egyptian statues; it reflects the development of contrapposto.
cool colors
blue and associated hues; appear to recede
cornice
topmost part of an entablature
crenellated
building with notches (low walls) at its top
adjective (the crenellated building)
cromlech
prehistoric monument with upright stones, like Stonehenge
crossing
area in the middle of the church where nave and transept cross
crypt
vaulted underground chamber, usually a tomb
daguerreotype
old fashioned photo, directly onto a plate (no negative)
decalcomania
type of automatism in which images are made by pressing one freshly painted or inked surface against another; transfer to ceramics/etc. designs on special paper
noun
diptych
two paneled artwork that fold together
noun
dolmen
prehistoric monument with two upright boulders supporting a third, forming a chamber, thought to have served as a tomb
dome
curved vault on a circular or polygon base
domus
large house for rich family in Roman times
Donjon
archaic spelling of dungeon
drapery
the way fabric is draped on people in sculpture or painting
noun
droleries
playful drawings in: medieval manuscripts or carvings in furniture
plural noun
drum
cylindrical or polygon wall rising above the main part of a building
drypoint
print made from a type of engraved metal plate
earth art
very large-scale outdoor sculpture
echinus
part of a doric column
elevation
one side of a building; an exact drawing of one side of a building
enamel
colored glass applied to metal
encautic
method of painting with pigments suspended in molten wax
engaged leg
leg on which a figure is resting its weight
engraving
print made from a design cut into a metal plate
enlarger
projector used to magnify or reduce the size of a photo print
entablature
the parts resting on top of a column: made up of architrave, frieze and cornice
entasis
part at the top of a column that gently swells out, seems to support the entablature
environment
work of art made of multiple objects which can be entered by the viewer; distinct from architecture constructions
environmental sculpture
large scale art, can enter or walk on it; distinguished from environment by being one single piece
equestrian
representations of people on horseback
etching
print made from acid engraved metal
exposure
presentation of photo film or paper to light
facade
front of a building
faience
pottery with opaque glaze
fasces
bundle of rods bound with straps, can be a handle for a blade
ferroconcrete
reinforced concrete; concrete with metal rods and mesh in it for strength
fete galante
elegant party; used to describe paintings with that subject
figure-ground relationship
relation of object to the background
film
thin transparent material coated with light-sensitive chemicals
filter
transparent material put in front of lens or enlarger to alter photo
fine arts
visual arts; painting, sculpture and architecture
finial
end piece ornament on a stair railing, house gable, etc
flat color
color broadly applied to a painting, with no contouring
fluting
shallow vertical grooves in a column
focal point
dominant area of interest; eyes focus more frequently on this
folk art
art by people with no special training in fine arts
foreshortening
making objects seem three dimensional, using decreasing size for perspective
forum
in ancient rome, a public square
found object
objet trouve; accidentally encountered thing selected by artist as art
Four dimensional
art including fourth dimension of time, using sequences, motion etc.
free leg
relaxed leg, not bearing weight
fresco
a painting on plaster (wall)
frieze
middle part of the entablature
frontal
object facing viewer directly; not foreshortened
frottage
reproducing a textured surface by rubbing paper on it with charcoal, crayon, etc
f-stop
a camera lens setting; ratio between focal length and diameter of aperture
gable
triangular area below roof decorating the front of a house
gallery
long room or corridor; open second story in a church
gelatin-silver print
photo print using silver in gelatin
genre
genre scene=representation of everyday life
gisant
representation on a tomb of the dead person
glaze
glassy coat applied to pottery
gold ground
background of gold leaf
gospel book
book containing four Gospels of the New Testament
graffiti
words and images scratched, painted or chalked in public places
graphic arts
ambiguous; includes printmaking, photography and drawing
groundline
single line use to indicate the level of the groud
ground plane
surface on which people and objects stand in artworks
gum print
photo print made on paper with gum emulsion (not gelatin)
guttae
means “drops” in latin; peg-like decorations in an entablature
hallenkirche
means “hall church” in german; nave and side aisles of equal height
hand
unique style of an artist
handling
particular way an artist works with the medium
happening
art event, partially planned, but leaving a large part to chance
hard-edge painting
large-scale abstract paintings with areas of flat color
hatching
parallel lines used in drawing to darken an area
crosshatching
one set of hatching perpendicularly over another
heliograph
name given to photos by inventor of photography (1826)
highlights
parts of an object that reflect the most light
hotel
large french town house
HUE
property of a color on the band of the visible specrum of light
hydria
ancient greek water jar
icon
religious panel paintings in Orthodox Christianity
iconography
study of a particular subject matter by artists over time
illuminated manuscript
a manuscript decorated with paintings and drawings
illusionism
attempt to represent visual phenomena as completely as possible
impasto
paint applied with the consistency of thick paste
installation
temporary work of art, created for a specific place
insula
a block or group of buildings in a Roman city
jamb
side of a doorway or window frame
juxtaposition; juxtaposed
putting elements in close proximity
keep
massive central tower of a castle
kinetic sculpture
sculpture made to be seen in motion
kouros
archaic greek statue of a standing nude youth
korai
archaic greek statue of clothed maidens
krater
ancient greek pottery bowl
kylix
ancient greek drinking cup
lantern
turret crowning a dome or roof; tower above a church
lapis lazuli
semiprecious blue
lekythos
ancient greek oil flask
lens
transparent material with curved surface which bend light rays
line
mark left by a moving point
lintel
horizontal beam spanning the opening between jambs or columns
lithograph
print from a design drawn on limestone
local color
color of an object in normal daylight without shadows
loggia
covered passage with open area on a side or sides
lunette
semicirular opening or surface
madrasah
arabic place of study
manuscript
handwritten book or document, original or copy
masonry
construction in stone, brick or concrete
mastaba
stone bench in arabic; rectangular egyptian tomb
mat; matt; matte
opposite of glossy; lusterless
medium
physical material used by artist; fluid in which pigment is suspended
megalithic
made of huge stones
megaron
large oblong hall in minoan or mycenaean palace
metope
in a frieze, one of the panels
mezzanine
low story of a building, between two taller ones
mihrab
a niche in a wall of a mosque
minaret
a tower of a mosque, tall and slender
miniature
any illumination in a manscript; very small portrait
minimal art
fine art with extreme simplicity of form and/or process
mixed media
use of two or more media; generic term for complex environmental works
mobile
hanging or suspended construction of moveable parts
modeling
creation of 3D form from clay or similar; suggestion of 3D form in painting and drawing (shading)
module
basic unit in determining proportions, e.g. height of head in drawing of a human
molding
band of grooves or projections on building surfaces
monastery
dwelling of a community of monks
monochrome
painting in various values of a single color
grisaille
painting in various shade of gray
monolith
single very large stone
monumental
descriptive of grand, massive, and permanent art
mosaic
decoration made of small pieces of colored stone or glass
motif
prominent feature of the subject of a piece of art; natural landscape
mural
large painting on a wall
mutule
flat part of cornice with guttae on it
naos
main body of a temple
narthex
entrance hall of a church
nave
big central space in a church
negative
a photo image where values are opposite of original subject
niche
a nook in a wall for a statue or other decoration
obelisk
tall slender square monolith tapering to a pyramid at the top
odalique
female harem slave; popular subject for 19th cent french painters
oil painting
painted with pigments mixed in drying oils
open form
individual element of a composition which extends in its surroundings, including figures looking out of the frame or extending out of frame
orders
architectural: the total of column and entablature
orientation
architectural: position building along east/west axis, churches positioned with altar at the east end
painterly
visual art in any medium when conceived in broad masses of light and dark
palazzo
large italian town house
palette
surface for mixing paints
palette knife
spatula (looks like a knife) for working with oil paint
papyrus
writing material made from papyrus plant in ancient egypt
parchment
animal skin used for writing or painting on
vellum
type of parchment
pastel
pigment mixed in gum and formed into sticks; pale color
pavilion
light ornamental building; large-scale wing of a building
pediment
gable formed by the two sloped roofs of a temple or similar shaped architectural part
pelike
ancient greek vase, pear-shaped
pendentive
triangular section of vaulting, supporting a dome
performance art
generic term, including mime, theater, dance music and video with strong visual focus
peripteral
building with columns all around
colonnade
series of columns in a row
peristyle
colonnade around peripteral building; garden surrounded by columns in a roman house
perspective
representation in 2D of 3D objects
photogram
permanent image made directly from light on a sensitized surface; includes heliograph, daguerrotype and calotype
photomontage
image made by combining 2 or more photos
piazza
public square in italian
picture plane
surface on which picture is painted
picture space
space appearing to extend back beyond the pciture plane
picturesque
like a picture; suitable subject for a painting
pier
vertical mass of masonry, e.g. supporting members in an arcade
pigment
powder giving paints, etc. color
pilaster
flat vertical member projecting slightly from wall surface; has base, shaft and capital-decorative unlike column
pillar
any vertical support; includes column, pliaster and pier
pinnacle
small ornamental turret
plan
drawing representing a building; arrangement of parts for building; horizontal cross-section
plane
flat surace
plasticity
3D qualities of a form
platinum print
photo print on paper with platinum emulsion (instead of usual silver)
podium
high platform base of etruscan or roman temple; ground floor of a building
polychrome
made with multiple colors
portico
porch with a colonnade, entablature and pediment
post-and-lintel system
simple, ancient construction with 2 or more upright posts, supporting horizontal lintel
predella
base of a large altar
primary colors
three basic hues of red, yellow and blue
primary structure
minimal sculpture using basic geometrical shapes and solids
any image made by a process to make multiple copies
printing out paper
photo paper where image produced by exposure to light; no chemical development
profile
side view of an object; cross section of a molding
program
underlying conceptual scheme; architecture: all requirements for a project
pronaos
entrance chamberr preceding naos in greek temple
proportion
ratio/proportion of parts or objects to each other
psalter
book containing the psalms of the bible
pylon
egyptian gateway to temple; each tower in that gateway
qibla
direction faced by moslems when praying; direction of mecca
quatrefoil
ornamental figure of four lobes/foils
red-figured
greek red pottery painting with figure outlined in black then fill in background in black, figure stays red
refectory
dining hall of monastery
register
decorative horizontal band in egyptian tomb or greek vase
regula
band with guttae on an entablature
relief sculpture
sculpture carved or cast to project from a surface; not freestanding
respond
pilaster projecting from a wall to support an arch, rib, etc. ( e.g. pilasters on a wall behind a colonnade)
noun
rhythm
in visual arts, regular repetition of a form; may be quick, moderate, measured or slow
rhyton
ancient drinking horn; shaped like head or body of animal
rib
slender arched support in roman and gothic arches
rosette
ornament resembling flower
rose window
huge circular window, with stained glass and tracery
rusticated
masonry built with deeply recessed joints
sacristy
room in the church where sacred vessels are kept
salon
reception room in large french house
sanctuary
space containing sacred objects
sanguine
reddish-brown chalk
sarcophagus
large stone coffin
saturation
=intesity=chroma=vividness or purity of color
scale
graduated series (e.g. from white to balck);measuring strip for a plan; relative size of objects
school
group of artists working in similar style
scriptorium
workroom in a monastery for writing and illuminating manuscripts
secondary colors
colors resulting from mixing two primary colors
section
representation showing a vertical cross-section
sfumato
subtle gradations of light and dark; devloped by leonardo
shade
color mixed with black
shading
darkening parts of artwork to to suggest shadows and light
shadow
darkened part of artwork; suggests no direct light
shape
form made by line turning or meeting, needn’t be enclosed
shaped canvas
painting on non-rectangular canvas
shutter
hinged cover for window; camera mechanism for controlling duration of exposure
side aisle
corridor parallel to nave in a chuch
silkscreen
print made on silk using stencils
silver bromide print
photo print on paper with silver bromide emulsion
simultaneity
representation of 4D (time) in 2D or 3D art, showing succesive actions simultaneously
sinopia
reddish-brown earth color; fullscale red drawing on rough plaster
skeletal construction
construction with weight-bearing members reduced to slender framework
soft sculpture
3D art made from canvas, felt, latex, foam etc. (soft materials)
span
distance between members supporting arches, etc.
stalactities
tiny decorative hanging arches in islamic architecture
stele
upright slab with commemorative reief or inscirptions
stereobate
solid mass of masonry serving as base of building
stereometric
science of measuring solids
stereotomy
art of cutting stones into geometrical shapes
stereoscope
device for viewing 2 photos taken in stereo
stucco
strong plaster used for sculptural and architectural decoration
style
distinctive way of making art; reflects period, artist, or place
stylobate
sits above stereobate, columns rest on this
subject
main focus of representation; as opposed to form and content
sublime
Awe-inspring; grand; immense; powerful
aesthetic categories
in eighteenth century; include Sublime, Picturesque and Beautiful
sun-break
screen projecting from wall to shade windows
superimposed orders
orders (columns+entablatures) placed vertically above each other in multi-story building
symmetry
correspondence around an axis; gives balance
tabernacle
portable tent sanctuary; small cupboard in an altar holding sacramental bread and wine; architecture: space containg a statue framed by columns/pilasters supporting an entablature or pediment.
noun
tablinum
roman home’s recess or chamber for keeping records and portraits
tactile
pertaining to sense of touch
taenia
in entablature, thin flat molding separating architrave from frieze
tempera
pigments mixed with water soluble media; leave matte surface when dry
terracotta
fired clay; color of terracotta brownish red
tesserae
small squares of stone or glass used in mosaics
thermae
roman public bath: composed of tepidarium, caldarium and frigidarium, etc
“Ruins of the thermal still exist…”
tholos
circular building in greek and roman architecture
thrust
downward pressure exerted by gravity on arch or vault
Sentence: trust is strongest at the haunches
tint
synonum for color; hue mixed with white
tone
a value or shade
Sentence: During the 16th century, tonal painting, in which an entire composition is treated in broad areas of light and dark, largely replaced the bright and even hues, the regular modeling, and overall clarity favored by artists of the Early Renaissance.
Sentence: The tonal contrast between the fruit and the background…
torchere
decorative support for candelabra; floorlamp with upward flaring shade
tracery
ornamental carving in geometric patterns
transept
sideways extensions of a church, go north/south
transparency
image on transparent material (glass, film etc) to be seen by projection; see-through surface;
trefoil
ornamental figure composed of three lobes/foils
triforium
part of a church; arcade level of nave wall
triglyph
in a frieze,vertical block divided into 3 sections
triptych
altarpiece of three folding panels
trophy
ornament composed from spoils of war
trumeau
pillar in the center of a large doorway to support the lintel
truss
framework of wood or metal members fastened to form rigid triangles
turret
small slender tower, may contain a staircase
tympanum
classical architecture, recessed face of a pediment; medieval architecture, surface enclosed by arch and lintel in arched doorway
underpainting
preparatory painting in lines and broad washes on plain canvas to establish the main contours and values
Sentence: The brown underpainting darkens the entire piece
value
property of a color as light/high or dark/low
Sentence: The painting uses colors which are high in value (light).
vanishing point
point(s) of convergence for perspective in 2D art
vault
arched ceiling of brick, stone or concrete; types are tunnel/barrel vault, cross/groin vault
veduta
accurate depiction of a well-know and noteworthy place
vellum
calf-skin parchment used in medieval manuscripts
vestibule
hall between main entrance and interior of a building
viewpoint
point from which viewer looks at something
Example: The works of Picasso often have different parts of an object shown from different viewpoints.
villa
luxurious rural or suburban residence; retreat
volume
3D quantity, bounded or enclosed, solid or void
volute
ornament resembling rolled scroll, on capitals
voussoirs
wedge-shaped stones used to contruct arch
wall
very broad upright structure serving as a barrier, enclosure or support
warm colors
hues associated with fire: reds, oranges and yellows
wash
broad thin film of highly diluted pigment
watercolor
pigments mixed with water-soluble gum, applid in broad washes
westwork
multistory, turreted church front
wet plate process
method of making photos, in 1800s, replaced daguerrotype and calotype (exposures minutes); exposures only a few seconds
woodcut
print from design raised on a wooden block, by carving out the negative space
workshop
apprentices and assistants who help an artist; building/room they work in
ziggurat
in sumerian and assyrian architecture, high temple platform made of mud bricks