From cells to Organisms Flashcards
(40 cards)
Define cell
The smallest structural unit, enclosed by a membrane, that makes up all living organisms.
How do cells obtain energy and matter?
Cells obtain energy and matter by letting in individual sugars and amino acids to make energy or use a matter.
What organisms are composed of cells?
All living organisms: Animal, Plant, Bacteria, Protist.
Bacteria vs. Virus. What is the difference?
They are different sizes and have different organelles. Bacteria can reproduce on their own but viruses need a host. Bacteria are alive and viruses are not.
Multicellular vs. unicellular. What is the difference?
Multicellular organisms are made of many cells while unicellular organisms are made of one cell.
What organisms are multicellular?
All organisms that have more than one cell. Animals, plants and some protists.
Identify examples of single celled organisms.
Paramecium, euglena, yeast.
What is the function of cells? Identify at LEAST 2 examples.
Cells take in nutrients. Cells get rid of our waste.
What is the germ theory?
The theory that microbes can cause infectious diseases.
What is the function of the following organelles: Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, nuclear membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, and chloroplast?
Cell membrane: Let things in and out of the cell, also protects the cell. Cytoplasm: fills the inside of the cell. Nucleus: basically the brain of the cell, also has the genetic material; controls the cell. Nuclear membrane: protects the nucleus. Cell wall: gives plants cells structure. Mitochondria: powerhouse of the cell, gives cell energy. Chloroplast: helps plant cells make their own food.
How are humans and plants alike?
We are both made of cells and need to break down food through cellular respiration.
Plants vs. Animals- what is the key difference? How do both obtain food?
Plants make their own food and their cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts. Plants obtain food by turning the sun’s energy into food and energy. Animals obtain by eating other organisms to take their energy and matter.
What is photosynthesis? What is needed for photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is how plants create their own food using chloroplasts. In order for photosynthesis to happen, chloroplasts are needed in the cells.
Animal vs. plant vs. bacteria vs. protists? What organelles do they have in common? What organelles do they not have in common?
Plant cells have all the organelles listed. Animal cells have all the organelles listed except the cell wall and chloroplasts. Bacteria don’t have a nucleus. Protists have.
Define prokaryote
Single celled organisms, like bacteria, that do not contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
Define eukaryote
Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus.
Animal vs. plant vs. bacteria vs. protists? Which are prokaryotic and which are eukaryotic?
Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic. While Bacteria is prokaryotic and viruses are neither.
State the level of organization for the human body (largest to smallest)
Organism -> Organ system -> Organ -> Tissue -> Cells -> Organelles (Human) -> (Digestive system) -> (stomach) -> (stomach tissue) -> (Stomach tissue cells) -> (cell membrane).
In what ways are organelles unique?
They are very small organs and they have different types that perform different functions.
Protists vs. bacteria. How are they similar? How are they different?
They are both microscopic and unicellular. Bacteria are prokaryotes while protists are eukaryotes.
What are some examples of protists?
Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena.
What are microscopes? Why are they useful?
A microscope is a machine that allows you to zoom in on an object so you can see a really small thing. They are useful because we can see cells this way and this is how we discovered cells.
Using microscopes: What are the pros and cons of using the highest power objective when examining microbes? What are the pros and cons of using the lowest power objective when examining microbes?
When using the highest power on a microscope, it is good because you can see the individual cells and their organelles. However you can’t see the entire specimen you could zoom in on nothing. When using the lowest power on the microscope, it can be good because you can locate the specimen and where it is. However, when on low power, it is usually hard to see the small detail and cells of the specimen.
What is penicillin? What is it used for? How does it work?
It is an antibiotic. It destroys the cell wall of bacteria and gets rid of it. It is used to help people get rid of bacterial infections.
