From combank Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
Histology of Ewing sarcoma
A
Small blue cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm
2
Q
Features of Ewing sarcoma
A
Male teens
Onion skinning around diaphysis
Expression of MIC2 antigen CD99; 11:22 translocation
3
Q
Histology of osteosarcoma
A
Anaplastic stroll cells making tumor osteoid/bone matrix
4
Q
How do you treat a coronal suture injury?
A
V-spread
5
Q
Ehlers-Danlos is associated with what CV injury?
A
Berry aneurysm
6
Q
GAA repeat
A
Friedreich ataxia
7
Q
What cranial bone do you treat with an ear infection?
A
Temporal
8
Q
Case that says medical professionals need to inform people who are in danger of their patient
A
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California
9
Q
Sequence of ossification centers of the humerus
A
Shaft, capitulum, medial epicondyle, trochlea, lateral epicondyle
10
Q
Lymphoma aggravated by alcohol
A
Hodgkin
11
Q
People with higher risk of adhesive capsulitis
A
Female, diabetics, hypothyroid
12
Q
Lab results of PC vera
A
Increased hematocrit, leukocytes and thrombocytosis
Decreased EPO d/t negative feedback
13
Q
Elevated WBC with normal LAP
A
CLL
14
Q
Histology of psoriasis
A
Alternating collections of neutrophils between layers of parakaratotic stratum and corneum
15
Q
Concentric contraction
A
Approximation of origin and insertion
16
Q
Guyon’s canal entrapment symtpoms
A
Ulnar nerve by the pisohamate ligament
Hypothenar atrophy, decreased abduction and/or adduction especially 4th and 5th digits
17
Q
Nephrotic seen in patients with HIV or heroin abuse
A
FSGS
18
Q
Histology of seborrheic keratosis
A
Intrepidermal horn cysts filled with cornfield cells containing melanin
19
Q
Nerve that pierces the pronator teres
A
Median
20
Q
Nerve injured in bicyclists
A
Median
21
Q
Nerve that pierces the coracobrachialis
A
Musculocutaneous
22
Q
Crutch palsy nerve
A
Radial
23
Q
Blood type associated with increased risk of gastric tumors
A
A
24
Q
Blood type associated with increased risk of peptic ulcers
A
O
25
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Avascular necrosis of femoral head
Boys 4-10
Limp, anterior hip or knee pain (referred pain via obturator); worse with exertion
TP:
26
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
Failure to convert pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A
Lactic acidosis
Poor feeding, developmental delay, seizures, abnormal eye movements, ataxia, and mental delays
27
Seeing flashes of light is indicative of what toxicity?
Methanol
28
MOA of danazol?
Decreased FSH and LH from anterior pituitary
29
What acid/base disturbance is caused by rhabdo?
Metabolic acidosis
30
When does ABO incompatibility occur?
Mother - O
| Child - A or B
31
What nerve is damaged in medial strabismus?
Abducens
32
Nasal polyps in children should lead you to check for what?
CF
33
What is bronchiectasis
Restrictive; dilation of bronchioles and bronchi
34
What two murmurs do not increase with increased preload?
HCM and MVP
35
Very loud/severe grade murmur with no symptoms
Small VSD
36
Dysbetalipoproteinemia
Defect of apoE
Elevated chylomicron remnants, IDL, LDL and VLDL
Type III
37
Abx that cause disulfiram like reactions
Metronidazole. procarbazine, Cefoperazone and cefamandole
38
Homan's sign
Calf pain with forcible dorsiflexion of the foot; DVT
39
Case for informed consent
Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital
40
Defining feature of liposarcoma
Lipoblasts; vacuoles with scalloping of the nucleus and multiple mitoses
41
Nerve at risk in a distal spiral shaft fracture (Holstein-Lewis)?
Radial nerve
42
Parts of medicare
A: Inpatient hospital care, skilled nursing, hospice, and home health care
B: Outpatient care, doctors’ services, physical therapy, and occupational therapy
C: Combination of parts A and B
D: Prescription drug coverage
43
Contract between a physician and an HMO in which the HMO pays a flat fee per patient each month
Capitation
44
First line treatment for stable angina
NG and B-blocker
45
Where does somatosensory of the face relay through?
Ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus
46
CS position for dorm of wrist
Extend and abduct - radial
| Extend and adduct - ulnar
47
Difficulty reading aloud or repeating phrases indicates a lesion where?
Arcuate fasiculus
48
Skin manifestation of PSC and/or UC
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Skin lesion that is ulcerated with a purulent base and surrounding erythema
(seen w/ other inflammatory processes)
49
Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency
Hypertriglyceridemia with low LDL and HDL levels
Type I
Can also occur w/ defect in apo CII
50
Position to treat a radial head tender point
Extension, forearm supination and slight valgus force
51
What medication is given to shrink fibroids prior to surgery?
Leuprolide
52
Repeated viral and fungal infections, splenomegaly and tetany
DiGeorge
53
Diagnostic marker for menopause
Elevated FSH (decreased negative feedback from ovaries releasing estrogen to pituitary)
54
Location of lateral ankle tenderpoint
Sinus tarsi
55
Which ab directly participates in opsonization?
IgG
56
t(12;21)
BALL w/good prognosis
57
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome
| CLL or BALL w/poor prognosis
58
t(15;17)
AML (APL specifically)
59
CD34+
Hematopoietic stem cell
60
CLL
CD5 and CD20
| Smudge cells
61
Negative LAP
CML
62
Itching after bathing
Polycythemia Vera
63
Tear drop RBC
Myelofibrosis
64
t(14;18)
BCL2 and IgH
| Follicular lymphoma
65
t(11;14)
Mantle cell lymphoma
| Cyclin D
66
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma
| c-myc
67
BPH treatment with SE of gynecomastia
Finesteride (5-alpha-reductase inhibitor)
68
Grey-Turner sign and Cullen sign
Sign of pancreatic necrosis
Ecchymotic discoloration of the flank (GT)
Ecchymotic discoloration of the periumbilical region (C)
69
Pompe Sx
Deficiency in alpha-1,4-glucosidase/acid maltase (Type II)
| Hypotonia, CHF, cardiomegaly, exercise intolerance and systolic murmur, macroglossia, and hepatomegaly
70
Von Geirke Sx
Deficiency of glucose 6-phosphatase (Type I)
Hepatomegaly,↑ glycogen in liver, hypoglycemia, increased LDH levels, lactic acidosis, ketosis, uric acid and seizures
(Cori (III) is same but milder; normal LDH)
71
What chromosome is the Beta globin gene on?
11
72
Sx of severe hypothermia
Core temp of 24 to 28°C (75 to 82°F)
| Areflexia, oliguria, pulmonary edema, coma, hypotension, asystole, and ventricular arrhythmias
73
Attachment sites of the dura
Foramen magnum, C2, C3, and S2
74
SSC of the skin precursor lesion?
Actinic keratosis
75
Prophylaxis for travelers diarrhea
Cipro
76
Trichophyton tonsurans
Black dot tinea capitis seen in AA
Colonizes and invades hair shafts
No fluorescence under woods lamp; KOH to hair shaft
77
A 4-month-old male with generalized hypotonia, muscle weakness, respiratory distress, cardiomegaly and failure to thrive
Pompe’s disease; Alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency
78
A newborn infant of Ashkenazi descent with severe hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and lactic acidosis
von Gierke’s disease; G-6-p deficiency
79
Location for needle decompression of tension pneumo
Second intercostal space in the midclavicular line
80
Orphan Annie Eyes on thyroid biopsy
Papillary, most common, usually exposure to radiation
81
Spinal tract for dull pain
Paleospinothalamic; C-fibers
82
Normal V/Q level in the apex and base
3. 30
| 0. 63
83
Nerve making an OK sign tests
Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median)
84
Th1: what type of pathogens and what cells does it activate
Intracellular and autoimmunity
| IFNgamma, IL2, LTalpha, IL10
85
Th2: what type of pathogens and what cells does it activate
Extracellular parasites, allergy, asthma
| IL4, 5, 13, 25, 10
86
Th17: what type of pathogens and what cells does it activate
Extracellular bacteria, fungi, autoimmunity
| IL21, 17, 22, 10
87
Hurlers
AR, absence of a-L-iduronidase; accumulation of GAGs in the lysosome
Chronic diarrhea, poor feeding, macrocephaly, bulging frontal bones, depression of nasal bridge, enlarged lips, and/or protruding eyeballs
Corneal clouding
88
Importance of tryptophan
Precursor to serotonin and B3
| Carcinoid tumors and Hartnup can decrease levels
89
Crush syndrome
Hypovolemic shock, hyperkalemia, heart failure, arrhythmias, acute respiratory distress, sepsis, DIC
90
Location of Auerbach's plexus
aka myenteric
| Between the IC and OL layers of the muscularis externa
91
Chapman’s point for the ileocecal area
Right proximal femur on the iliotibial band
| ie Crohn's disease
92
Galactokinase deficiency
Infantile cataracts, failure to develop social smile or track objects
Accumulation of galactitol
93
Classic galactosemia
G-1-p uridyltransferase deficiency
FtT, jaundice, hepatomegaly, cataracts, intellectual disability, E. coli infections
Starts as soon as infant starts feeding (lactose in breast milk)
94
Homocystinuria
```
HOMOCYstinuria
Homocysteine
Osteoporosis
Marfanoid
Ocular changes (lens sublux down and in)
CV (thrombosis and atherosclerosis: Stroke/MI)
kYphosis
Intelectual disability
```
95
Cori Disease
Type III; debranching enzyme (1,6 glycosidase)
VG but milder: normal blood lactate
Limit dextrin structures in cytosol
96
McArdle
Type V; muscle glycogen phosphorylase
| Myoglobinuria, arrhythmias
97
Res ipsa loquitur
"the thing speaks for itself”
| Obvious negligence
98
Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration
Loss of Purkinje cells; worst in cerebellar vermis
| Tremor
99
Lynch Syndrome
Colorectal, endometrial and ovarian cancer
MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, PMS2
(mismatch repair genes)
100
Homocystinuria
AR; inability to form cysteine (b/u of methionine and homocysteine)
Marfanoid, intellectual disability, thrombosis, downward lens (vs up in marfan), megaloblastic anemia, fair complexion
101
Cause of tardive dyskinesia
Upregulation of dopamine receptors
102
What sinus is mucor likely to affect?
Cavernous
103
Normal cardiac output?
4-8 L/min
104
Scoliosis brace
With curve 20-45 degrees
CTLSO (Milwaukee brace) when apex is above T7
TLSO when below
105
Roseola vs Rubella
Roseola rash starts on trunk
| Rubella rash starts on face
106
Myotonic dystrophy type 1
CTG repeat d.t instability during maternal meiosis
Muscle weakness and myotonia (slowed relaxation), cardiac conduction abnormalities, cataracts, testicular failure, hypogammaglobulinemia, impaired sleep, insulin resistance, and excessive daytime sleepiness
107
CD on Reed Sternberg Cells
CD15 and CD30
108
Cause of nosocomial pneumonia due to use of a respirator
P. aeruginosa
109
Atelectasis
Alveolar collapse with exhalation
110
Dz states with decreased lung compliance
Pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis
111
Dz states with increased lung compliance
Emphysema (COPD), aging
112
Location of highest and lowest air flow resistance
Medium bronchi
| Terminal bronchioles
113
V/Q in pulmonary edema
<1
114
V/Q in pulmonary embolism
close to infinity
115
Juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JGCT)
Well circumscribed with fibrous capsule with a yellow or gray-tan color and frequent hemorrhaging
Monotonous polygonal cells with entrapped normal tubules
Positive for renin, vimentin and CD34
Secrete renin
116
Sleep stages
```
BATS Drink Blood
Awake/open - beta
Awake/closed - alpha
1 - theta
2 - spindles and K-waves
3 and 4 - delta
REM - beta
```
117
NT changes during REM
AChE goes up
| Norepi goes down
118
Sinus affected in sinusitis?
Maxillary
119
Cause of osteoporosis
Increased osteoclast activity
120
Hormone changes in PCOS
Increased LH, decreased FSH
No FSH -> no ovulation
More LH -> more androgens
121
Penile SCC is associated with what?
HPV
122
Sequele to unilateral renal agenesis
FSGS
123
Posterior extensor forearm muscles innervated by the radial nerve
Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, supinator, and triceps
Radials are BEST
124
Supination of the foot
Adduction, inversion and plantar flexion
125
Somatostatinoma
Inhibits secretion of insulin, glucagon, gastrin, and growth hormone
Results in diabetes mellitus, cholelithiasis, steatorrhea, and hypochlorhydria
126
Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid cysts in liver, lungs and brain
| Tapeworm from dogs
127
Taenia solium
Ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork meat
Tapeworms
Neurocysticercosis: multiple calcified lesions on MRI
128
Key cell in chronic endometritis
Plasma cell (indicates cx inflammation)
129
Innervation to biceps femoris
Common peroneal branch and tibial branch of sciatic nerve
130
Leading cause of death by age group
<1 congenital anomalies
1-44: injury
45-64: neoplasm
65+: heart disease
131
What articulation is most important to respiratory mechanism?
SBS: occiput and sphenoid
132
Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health
Right to refuse life sustaining treatments (including feeding tube)
133
The Patient Self-Determination Act
Ask about advanced directive etc
134
Otosclerosis
AD w/ incomplete penetrance
B/l conductive hearing loss
Fixation of the middle ear bones, most commonly the stapes, interferes with sound conduction
135
Nerve and sequela of injury at medial epicondyle
Ulnar nerve (medial cord); claw hand (unopposed extension of MCP and flexion of distal fingertips)
136
Endocrine cause of SIADH
Hypothyroid
137
Pagets indicates what underlying cancer
Ductal carcinoma (can be invasive)
138
APS-1
AR; mutation of AIRE gene
| Mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroid, Addison's
139
St. Johns Wort and CYP450
Induces
140
Brodman's area 22
Wenicke's area
141
Bombesin tumor marker
Neuroblastoma
142
HepE features
Icosahedral, non enveloped single-stranded RNA virus
143
How do you treat OD of 5-FU?
Thymidine
