from Ophtho

Question 1

Sherrington’s law violated in

Answer 1

Duane’s syndrome

Question 2

Duane’s syndrome - which law violated

Answer 2

Sherrington’s law

Question 3

Hering’s law violated in

Answer 3

dissociated vertical deviation

Question 4

dissociated vertical deviation - which law violated

Answer 4

Hering’s law

Question 5

left jerk nystagmus - what compensatory head posture

Answer 5

left head turn (right gaze)

Question 6

microcornea - definition

Answer 6

10 mm horizontal. 9 mm at birth. 10 mm at 2 years

Question 7

microcornea - % of POAG

Answer 7

20%

Question 8

angle can be seen without gonio

Answer 8

megalocornea

Question 9

management of A and V patterns

Answer 9

MALE Medial to Apex, Lateral to Empty. when oblique dysfunction –> weakening

Question 10

child - hyperopia increases till

Answer 10

6-8 years (peak)

Question 11

Hirschberg estimation

Answer 11

1 mm = 7 degrees = 15 PD

Question 12

Hirschberg - corneal reflex at pupillary margin

Answer 12

2 mm = 15 degrees = 30 PD

Question 13

Hirschberg - corneal reflex at mid-iris

Answer 13

4 mm = 30 degrees = 60 PD

Question 14

Hirschberg - corneal reflex at limbus

Answer 14

6 mm = 45 degrees = 90 PD

Question 15

CMS stands for

Answer 15

C - central (corneal light reflex), S - steady (monocular fixation), M - maintained (binocular)

Question 16

superior segmental optic nerve hypoplasia

Answer 16

diabetic mother, dense inferior defects, central artery appears to arise from the superior part of the disc

Question 17

Downbeat - where pathology

Answer 17

cervicomedullary junction (Chiari type 1), cerebellar flocculus

Question 18

See-saw

Answer 18

parasellar area (craniopharyngioma), midbrain

Question 19

Opsoclonus

Answer 19

neuroblastoma (usually from adrenals)

Question 20

Periodic alternating nystagmus

Answer 20

cervicomedullary junction, cerebellar nodulus

Question 21

Upbeat

Answer 21

cerebellum, medulla, midbrain

Question 22

IV palsy - if vertical deviation is 15 prism diopters or less - procedure

Answer 22

ipsi inferior oblique weakening

Question 23

IV palsy - if vertical deviation is more than 15 prism diopters - procedure

Answer 23

recession of the contra inferior rectus + ipsi inferior oblique weakening (tucking of superior oblique tendon is alternative)

Question 24

types of inferior oblique weakening

Answer 24

IO recession, IO myectomy, IO anterior transposition

Question 25

Botox to rectus - when start, effect, lasting

Answer 25

start 2-4 days, lengthening, effect lasting 5-8 weeks

Question 26

Botox to orbicularis - lasting

Answer 26

3 or more months

Question 27

carry the bulk of the blood supply to the anterior segment

Answer 27

inferior and superior recti

Question 28

which vessel has each rectus

Answer 28

1-3 anterior ciliary arteries which are branches of the muscular arteries which themselves are branches of the opththalmic artery

Question 29

lateral muscular branch supplies

Answer 29

the lateral rectus, superior rectus, super oblique, and levator palpebrae

Question 30

medial muscular branch supplies

Answer 30

the interior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique

Question 31

infraorbital artery supplies

Answer 31

partially inferior oblique and inferior rectus muscles

Question 32

central fusion

Answer 32

the area near the fovea has small receptive fields; therefore, objects need to be very similar in terms of size and shape to be fused properly

Question 33

peripheral fusion

Answer 33

peripheral retina has a large receptive points; thus objects can be more dissimilar in size and shape and still be fused

Question 34

diopters of horizontal deviation and mm of correction

Answer 34

for any 15 diopter horizontal strabismus, the correction will be 4 mm on the lateral rectus and 3 mm on the medial rectus

Question 35

Kestenbaum-Anderson procedure

Answer 35

for correcting head turns associated with nystagmus. rotates the eye toward the head turn or away from the null zone

Question 36

Duane I - treatment

Answer 36

medial rectus recession on the involved side

Question 37

monocular elevation deficiency

Answer 37

(double-elevator palsy) 1) tight inferior rectus 2) weak elevators of the eye

Question 38

monocular elevation deficiency - treatment

Answer 38

if restriction on forced duction - inferior rectus recession. No restriction - Knapp procedure - transpose the medial and lateral recti to the superior rectus

Question 39

Knapp procedure

Answer 39

monocular elevation deficiency, if No restriction. transpose the medial and lateral recti to the superior rectus

Question 40

Hummelshein procedure

Answer 40

VI palsy. portions of the vertical recti are transposed to the lateral rectus to aid in abduction

Question 41

VI palsy - treatment

Answer 41

Hummelshein procedure. portions of the vertical recti are transposed to the lateral rectus to aid in abduction

Question 42

time of follow up after patching

Answer 42

1-week per year of age