From study guide

Question 1

What are the energy forms, transfer, and transformation?

Answer 1

Energy forms, transfer, and transformation refer to the different types of energy and how they move and change from one form to another.

Examples include kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy, etc.

Question 2

How do electrons transfer energy in a circuit?

Answer 2

Electrons transfer energy as they pass through components in a circuit.

Question 3

What is the difference between conductors and insulators?

Answer 3

Conductors allow electric charge to flow easily, while insulators resist the flow of electric charge.

Question 4

What are examples of components of a simple circuit?

Answer 4

• Ammeter
• Voltmeter
• Resistor
• Switch (open and closed)
• Light globe
• Battery
• Connecting wire

Question 5

What is the difference between series and parallel circuits?

Answer 5

In a series circuit, components are connected end-to-end, while in a parallel circuit, components are connected across common points.

Question 6

What is current and how is it measured?

Answer 6

Current (symbol: I) is a flow of electric charge and is measured in Amperes (symbol: A or amps).

Question 7

How do you measure current flow in a circuit?

Answer 7

Use an ammeter connected in series.

Question 8

What is voltage and its unit of measurement?

Answer 8

Voltage (symbol: V) is a measure of electric potential energy, measured in volts.

Question 9

How do you measure voltage in a circuit?

Answer 9

Use a voltmeter connected in parallel.

Question 10

What is resistance and its unit of measurement?

Answer 10

Resistance (symbol: R) is measured in Ohms (symbol: Ω).

Question 11

What factors affect the resistance of a wire?

Answer 11

• Temperature
• Length
• Surface area
• Type of materials

Question 12

How do resistors affect current flow in a circuit?

Answer 12

Resistors can control the amount of current flow, where current is inversely proportional to the resistance.

Question 13

How do you calculate total resistance in a series circuit?

Answer 13

Add the resistance values of each component together.

Question 14

What is Ohm’s Law?

Answer 14

Ohm’s Law states that V = IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.

Question 15

What is the formula for power in terms of energy and time?

Answer 15

Power = Energy/time (Watts).

Question 16

What is the formula for energy in terms of power and time?

Answer 16

Energy = Power x time.

Question 17

What is the relationship between voltage and current in a graph?

Answer 17

V vs I graph shows that the gradient equals rise/run, which can be used to obtain resistance (R).

Question 18

Define Ecology.

Answer 18

Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and their environment.

Question 19

What are ecosystems?

Answer 19

Ecosystems are communities of living organisms interacting with their physical environment.

Question 20

What are habitats?

Answer 20

Habitats are the natural environments where organisms live.

Question 21

What are the types of symbiotic relationships?

Answer 21

• Mutualism
• Commensalism
• Parasitism

Question 22

What is the predator/prey relationship?

Answer 22

A predator/prey relationship is an interaction where one organism (the predator) hunts and consumes another (the prey).

Question 23

What are biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem?

Answer 23

• Biotic components: living organisms
• Abiotic components: non-living factors, such as water, soil, and climate

Question 24

What is the importance of biodiversity?

Answer 24

Biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem stability, resilience, and the provision of ecosystem services.

Question 25

What is a food chain?

Answer 25

A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another.

Question 26

What roles do decomposers, producers, and consumers play in a food chain?

Answer 26

* Decomposers: break down dead matter * Producers: create energy through photosynthesis * Consumers: eat producers or other consumers

Question 27

What is a biomass pyramid?

Answer 27

A biomass pyramid is a graphical representation showing the biomass at each trophic level in an ecosystem.

Question 28

What percentage of energy is passed on to the next trophic level?

Answer 28

10% of energy is passed on to the next trophic level.

Question 29

What is the carbon cycle?

Answer 29

The carbon cycle describes the movement of carbon through the atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere, involving processes like photosynthesis, cellular respiration, decomposition, and combustion.

Question 30

What is the modern atomic model?

Answer 30

The modern atomic model includes the structure, mass, charge, and symbols of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 31

How do you identify atomic number and mass number?

Answer 31

Atomic number is the number of protons, and mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons.

Question 32

What is an isotope?

Answer 32

An isotope is a variant of a chemical element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 33

Define radioisotopes.

Answer 33

Radioisotopes are isotopes that are radioactive and can decay over time.

Question 34

What are the types of radioactive decay?

Answer 34

* Alpha decay * Beta decay * Gamma radiation

Question 35

What changes occur during alpha decay?

Answer 35

Alpha decay involves a change in mass and atomic number equivalent to that of a Helium atom.

Question 36

What is half-life?

Answer 36

Half-life (t1/2) is the time required for half of the radioactive isotopes in a sample to decay.

Question 37

What is the formula for remaining radioisotopes after 'h' half-lives?

Answer 37

R = A ÷ 2ʰ Where: R = amount Remaining A = Amount you started with h = number of half-lives passed

Question 38

What are the benefits and consequences of radioisotopes?

Answer 38

Benefits include medical applications and energy production; consequences can involve radiation exposure and environmental impact.