from the chemrevise doc

Question 1

when metals react with other substances, what do the metal atoms form?

Answer 1

positive ions

Question 2

what is the reactivity of a metal related to?

Answer 2

it’s tendency to form positive ions

Question 3

what do metals react with oxygen to produce?

Answer 3

metal oxides

the reactions are oxidation reactions because the metals gain oxygen

Question 4

reactive metals such as magnesium will:

Answer 4

burn with a flame in oxygen. less reactive metals like iron will tarnish and change colour without a flame

Question 5

how can metals be arranged?

Answer 5

metals can be arranged in order of their reactivity in a reactivity series

Question 6

reactivity series of metals

Answer 6

potassium
sodium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
carbon
zinc
iron
tin
lead
hydrogen
copper
silver
gold

Question 7

which non-metals are often included in the reactivity series?

Answer 7

hydrogen and carbon

Question 8

what will reactive metals such as potassium, sodium and calcium react with to produce what?

Answer 8

reactive metals such as potassium, sodium and calcium will react with cold water producing bubbles of hydrogen gas

Question 9

what do all metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series react with to produce what?

Answer 9

all metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with acids producing bubbles of hydrogen gas.

Question 10

describe the relationship between reactivity of metal and rate/intensity of reaction.

Answer 10

the more reactive the metal the faster/more vigorous the reaction will be, producing hydrogen gas quicker.

Question 11

what will metals below hydrogen in the reactivity series not react with?

Answer 11

metals below hydrogen in the reactivity series will not react with acids.

Question 12

how do displacement reactions work?

Answer 12

a more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from a compound

Question 13

how do you know when a displacement reaction would/wouldn’t happen?

Answer 13

if the metal is by itself + more reactive, a displacement reaction WILL happen

if the metal is by itself + less reactive, a displacement reaction WILL NOT happen

if the metal is with smth else + more reactive, a displacement reaction WILL NOT happen

if the metal is with smth else + less reactive, a displacement reaction WILL happen

Question 14

describe the conditions in which metals are found in the earth.

Answer 14

• unreactive metals such as gold are found in the Earth as the metal itself
• but most metals are found as compounds that require chemical reactions to extract the metal.

Question 15

what is reduction?

Answer 15

the loss of oxygen

Question 16

how can metals less reactive than carbon be extracted?

Answer 16

metals that are less reactive than carbon can be extracted from their oxides by reduction with carbon

Question 17

how can metals more reactive than carbon be extracted?

Answer 17

metals above carbon in the reactivity series are often extracted by electrolysis or by displacement reactions
with more reactive metals

Question 18

define:
- oxidation

and
- reduction

Answer 18

in reactions oxidation can be defined as loss of electrons and reduction as gain of electrons

oxidation = loss of electrons
reduction = gain of electrons

Question 19

what are ‘reacting’ and ‘spectating’ ions in compounds that react in displacement reactions?

Answer 19

• in displacement reactions, it is only the metal ions that are reacting in terms of electrons being transferred.
• the non metal ions e.g. sulfate (SO42-) ions are ‘spectating’.

Question 20

BLURT- reactions of acid with metals

which metals react with acids/which don’t?

Answer 20

• all metals above hydrogen in the reactivity
  series will react with acids producing bubbles of
  hydrogen gas.
• metals below hydrogen in the reactivity series
  will not react with acids.

Question 21

BLURT- reactions of acid with metals

MASH and the official name

Answer 21

Acids react with some metals to produce salts and hydrogen
Metal + acid  salt + hydrogen