Frontier Notes

Question 1

Why were settlers in Texas vulnerable to Native attacks during the Civil War?

Answer 1

all American men had left for war

Question 2

How did white settlers feel about the Native Americans at the time?

Answer 2

they thought Natives were uncivilized and should be exterminated

Question 3

What is a frontier?

Answer 3

Area at the edge of a settlement and was very dangerous

Question 4

why were forts established on the frontier?

Answer 4

to protect settlements

Question 5

why did conflict grow worse between the settlers and natvies

Answer 5

settlers began expanding west into Native territory

Question 6

what were the troubles on the frontier (3)

Answer 6

1. Forts were too far apart and had a shortage of supplies
2. soldiers were inexperienced
3. Native Americans attacked quickly and disappeared

Question 7

who was Quanah Parker

Answer 7

most influential Comanche leader of all time

Question 8

what was parker’s father

Answer 8

a comanche chief

Question 9

what was parker’s mother’s name

Answer 9

Cynthia Ann Parker

Question 10

what was parker’s mother

Answer 10

a white woman who had been captured as a child

Question 11

What happened at the Ft. Parker Massacre

Answer 11

Cynthia Ann Parker was captured at 8 years old

Question 12

what happened to Cynthia’s family

Answer 12

here family was killed

Question 13

When was the Ft. Parker Massacre

Answer 13

1836

Question 14

How did Cynthia die

Answer 14

She died of a broken heart

Question 15

How did Quanah Parker honor his mother

Answer 15

He took his mother’s last name after she died.

Question 16

Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek (What did U.S. promise to give Natives) (3)

Answer 16

-3,000 acres of reservation land
- to continuously give supplies
- No Americans would be allowed on the Reservations

Question 17

Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek (What did Natives promise) (2)

Answer 17

• to live on the reservations; no more roaming the plains
• to stop raiding the settlements

Question 18

why did the Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek fail? (3)

Answer 18

-U.S. government didn’t keep promise for supplies and food

• Natives didn’t want to move to Oklahoma and abandon their lifestyle
• Many agents in charge of the reservations were corrupt and sold supplies for their own profit

Question 19

which president announced a new peace treaty in 1869?

Answer 19

Ulysses S. Grant

Question 20

Who took charge of the reservation system?

Answer 20

Quakers

Question 21

How were the Quakers different?

Answer 21

They were pacifists and treated the natives kindly.

Question 22

what did the Quakers try to teach the natives?

Answer 22

how to farm

Question 23

What started the Warren Wagon Train Raid?

Answer 23

The government didn’t bring supplies and food to the reservations.

Question 24

What happened during the Warren Wagon Train Raid?

Answer 24

The Natives left their reservations and began raiding Texas settlements. Comanche leaders attacked a wagon

Question 25

How did the Natives treat the Americans during the Warren Wagon Train Raid?

Answer 25

They were violent Burned white men alive

Question 26

Who was sent to investigate after the Train Raid?

Answer 26

General William Sherman

Question 27

why was General William Sherman sent to Texas?

Answer 27

to deal with the Native American problem

Question 28

what was Sherman's goal?

Answer 28

Force all Natives into reservations and Kill any who resist

Question 29

what was General Ranald Mackenzie?

Answer 29

to lead raids against natives

Question 30

what was the name of the rifle that Texas Rangers used?

Answer 30

repeating rifle

Question 31

what was the nickname for the repeating rifle?

Answer 31

"Gun that won the west"

Question 32

How did the repeating rifle give Americans an advantage over Native Americans? (3)

Answer 32

-better accuracy - more ammo - reload faster *

Question 33

Why did the U.S. want to kill the buffalo

Answer 33

if buffalos were gone, tribes would lose their way of life

Question 33

what did the Natives use buffalo for? (5)

Answer 33

homes food, clothes, tools weapons

Question 33

what was the most valuable part of the buffalo?

Answer 33

the hide

Question 33

what happened when the buffalo were gone?

Answer 33

Natives were forced in reservations and had to rely of the government for food

Question 33

Why did the U.S. Army start the Red River Wars?

Answer 33

to remove natives tribes and relocate them to reservations

Question 34

Battle of Adobe Walls summary(3)

Answer 34

-Quanah Parker led 700 people and attacked 28 buffalo hunters camp at Adobe Walls -Hunters held off natives -Parker got injured and retreated

Question 35

Battle of Palo Duro Canyon (4)

Answer 35

-Ranald McKenzie +500 cavalry troops launched a surprise attack on plains tribes in PDC - burned villages - killed over a thousand horses - destroyed winter food supply*

Question 36

what was significant about this battle

Answer 36

-very low deaths - because Americans took supplies, it was unlikely Natives would survive through winter

Question 37

Where and when did Quanah Parker surrender?

Answer 37

Palo Duro Canyon, 1874

Question 38

what did Parker teach the Comanche people?

Answer 38

-brang education -ability to survive

Question 39

what was a buffalo soldier?

Answer 39

African Americans who served in the military

Question 40

who gave them the name "buffalo soldiers"

Answer 40

the natives

Question 41

why did Natives give them the name of buffalo soldiers

Answer 41

as a sign of respect for their fighting ability

Question 42

Victorio was chased down by who?

Answer 42

Buffalo Soldiers

Question 43

where was Victorio raiding?

Answer 43

along Rio Grande in Texas and Mexico

Question 44

what ended up happening to Victorio and the Apache

Answer 44

Soldiers killed him and his men

Question 45

who was Victorio

Answer 45

leader of the Apaches

Question 46

what reputation did the Texas Rangers have?

Answer 46

they had bad reputation for being cruel they were known for being ruthless, acted above the law - targeted certain people

Question 47

what did Juan Cortina fight for?

Answer 47

unfair treatment/tried to protect right of Mexicans and Tejanos

Question 48

How did the Native Americans change in Texas in the 1800s (3)

Answer 48

- population decreased - remaining natives were forced to stay on reservations - it was rare to see natives anymore

Question 49

How did the white settlers change in Texas in the 1800s (3)

Answer 49

-population increased - railroad lines were expanded to about 9,000 miles - they could easily move form East to West Texas

Question 50

corrupt

Answer 50

dishonest or immoral

Question 51

the Spanish word for “rancher”

Answer 51

ranchero

Question 52

the movement of cattle in large herds to a stockyard or market

Answer 52

drive

Question 53

public land that could be used by anyone, usually for grazing cattle

Answer 53

open range

Question 54

a place where livestock are penned before they are slaughtered or shipped elsewhere

Answer 54

stockyard

Question 55

to encourage people to take part in an activity

Answer 55

promote

Question 56

a group of investors who join together to fund a business

Answer 56

syndicate

Question 57

a state of enforced isolation designed to prevent the spread of disease or pests

Answer 57

quarantine

Question 58

the belief that it is wrong to use violence to settle conflicts

Answer 58

pacifism

Question 59

strong tissue that connects muscles to bones

Answer 59

sinew

Question 60

tactic

Answer 60

a course of action used to achieve a goal

Question 61

separated based on membership in a racial or ethnic group

Answer 61

segregated

Question 62

an African American soldier serving in the western United States after the Civil War

Answer 62

Buffalo Soldier

Question 63

a person who illegally leaves the armed forces while still required to serve

Answer 63

deserter

Question 64

renegade

Answer 64

a person who rejects lawful behavior