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Geography Year 8 > Frozen Planet > Flashcards

Frozen Planet Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cold environment?

A

An area of land permanently covered by ice. The tempereature is below freezing (0°C)

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2
Q

What is a glacier?

A

A slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by build up of snow.

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3
Q

What is latitude?

A

The distance from the equator (the invisible line that seperates the northern hemisphere from the south hemisphere).

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4
Q

Temperatures are (colder/warmer) the higher latitiude you are in.

A

colder

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5
Q

What is altitude?

A

Hight above sea level

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6
Q

Temperature usually decreases by 1°C for every (100/10/1000) meters you go up.

A

100 meters

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7
Q

How does air heat up the atmosphere?

A

When the sunlight heats up the land and then the land then heats the air above it.

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8
Q

What is contientality?

A

The distance from the land to the ocean or sea.

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9
Q

Oceans and seas warm up (faster/slower) then land.

A

slower

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10
Q

When oceans and seas heat up, they keep their heat (longer/shorter) then land does.

A

longer

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11
Q

How do glaciers move?

A

Glaciers move downhill very slowly by gravity and under the pressure of its own weight.

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12
Q

That are the 3 processes of basal sliding-slipping?

A

-pressure induced melting
-friction from the movement of the glacier
-by melting from the geothermal heat in the ground beneath

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13
Q

What are the main ways a glacier erodes?

A

-plucking
-abrasion
-freeze thaw action

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14
Q

What is erosion?

A

The process of material being worn out.

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15
Q

How does plucking work?

A

Water seeps into cracks, freezes and mechanically breaks up the bedrock. These fragments are plucked out by the glacier.

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16
Q

How does abrasion work?

A

Rocks are dragged along by the glacier and the rocks scrape the bedrock like sandpaper leaving a smooth surface.

17
Q

How does freeze thaw work?

A

-rainwater collects in a creack
-the temperature falls below 0°C and the water freezes and expands
-the cycle repeats and the rock falls apart

18
Q

What are the main features of a corrie?

A

-steep back wall
-arm chair shape
-moraine
-steep sides
-tall
-deep tarn/lake

19
Q

What is a corrie?

A

A valley which is formed through erosion by glaciers.

20
Q

How does a corrie form?

A

-snow accumulates up on a mountain hollow
-the snow gets compressed due to the pressure of its own weight and forms a glacier
-the glacier starts to move in a rotational movement
-the glacier deposits sedement to make a moraine on a rock lip
-water freezes and plucks off the rock
-sedement abrases the bedrock to become more smooth
-the glacier freezes and thaws to make a deep hollow
-the glacier melts to become a tarn

21
Q

What shape is a valley shaped by a glacier?

A

U-shaped valley with curved edges

22
Q

What shape is a valley shaped by a river?

A

V-shaped , narrow and steep

23
Q

Cold environment

A

Area of land permanently covered by ice.

24
Q

Glacial retreat

A

Ablation > Accumulation. Glacier shrinks.

25
Q

Ablation

A

Zone where there are outputs into the glacial budget.

26
Q

Glacial advance

A

Accumulation> Ablation. Glacier grows.

27
Q

Glacier

A

Large body of ice that moves under its own weight.

28
Q

Accumulation

A

Zone where there are inputs into the glacial budget.

29
Q

Corrie

A

A deep arm chair shaped hollow found in the side of a mountain.

30
Q

Tarn

A

Deep lake at the base of the tarn filled with water.

31
Q

Misfit river

A

A river in a valley it didn’t erode.

32
Q

Ordnance Survey

A

UK mapping agency, produce scaled OS maps.

33
Q

Sea level rise

A

Increased sea levels. With climate change, sea levels are rising.

34
Q

Grid reference

A

4 or 6 figure reference used to find a place.

35
Q

Thermal expansion

A

Change of water volume with heat.

36
Q

Map symbol

A

An image on letters used on maps to show different types of places.

Geography Year 8 (2 decks)

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