Fuels and Crude Oil

Question 1

What is natural gas and crude oul

Answer 1

They are fossil fuels used as sources of energy
Natural gas is mostly methane
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 2

Complete combustion chemical equation

Answer 2

CH^4 (g) + 2O^2 (g) - CO^2 (g) + 2H^2O (g)

(Ch4 and oxygen to carbon dioxide and water)

Question 3

Describe fractional distillation

Answer 3

1. Petroleum is seperated into fractions by fractional distillation
2. In the furnace, petroleum is heating & turned into a vapour and then passed into the fractionatibg column
3. As the hot vapour rises up the column, it cools and condenses
4. Lighter fractions with lower boiling points are collected at the top, they burn more easily
5. Heavier fractions with high boiling points are collected at the lower sections

Question 4

Petrolum Fractions & their uses

Answer 4

Petroleum gas - cooking & heating
Petrol (gasoline) - motor vechicles
Naphtha - feedstock for petrochemicals like plastic & detergent
Kerosene/ paraffin - aircraft, cooking using oil stoves, heating
diesel oil- diesel engienes like trains, buses and lorries

Question 5

% of crude pil

Answer 5

90% used as fuel
10% used as petrochemical feedstock (naptha)

Question 6

How to conserve?

Answer 6

Reduce the use
-by taking public transport
-using smaller cars as consumes less
Use alternative energy sources
-biofuels
-solar energy
-nuclear energy
Improve power stations to use it more efficiently

Question 7

What are biofuels

Answer 7

They are an alternative renewable source of energy, coming from plabts or animals which can be replaced relatively quickly after use

Question 8

Biogas

Answer 8

Gas produced when waste materials from plants or animals decay in absence of air

Question 9

Biodiesel

Answer 9

fuel made from vegetable oil & liquid animal fats

Question 10

Bioethanol

Answer 10

Fermentation of sugar in sugarcane plants (renewable cuz regrows fast and can be replaced within short period of time)

Question 11

Green diesel

Answer 11

Fuel made from algae and other plants

Question 12

why Bioethanol is better

Answer 12

• more environmentally sustainable as it has the ability to be maingained at a steady level without exhausting natural resources or causing evological damage
  -as sugarcane grows it absorbs carbon dioxide which offsets the carbon dioxide produced when burnt during combustion, it is carbon netural

Question 13

Bioethanol chemical equation

Answer 13

C2H5OH (aq) + 3O2 (g) - 2CO2 (g) + 3H2O (g)

(aqueous + oxygen - carbon dioxide and water)

Question 14

define hydrocarbons

Answer 14

Hudrocarbons are organic compounds that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 15

Why can bioethanol be used as fuel

Answer 15

During combustion, it releases a kot of yhermal energy

Question 16

Two benefits of bioethanol

Answer 16

-It is a renewable energy source as it can be replaced relatively quickly after use
-It is more environmentally sustainable because when sugarcane grows, it absorbs carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, which offsets the carbon dioxide produced when it is burnt in combustion

Question 17

Disadvantage of bioethanol

Answer 17

-large areas of land are needed to grow a large about of sugar cane, they need to be transported for treatment so these processes may require more use of fossil fuels to be burnt and more carbon dioxde to be produced