Fuels And Earth Science Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is crude oil?
Crude oil is a complex mixture of lots of different hydrocarbon compounds of different sizes
Crude oil is not a single substance but rather a combination of various hydrocarbons.
Define hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon atoms only
Hydrocarbons can be classified as aliphatic or aromatic based on their structure.
What type of resource is crude oil?
Crude oil is a finite resource
It is being used up much faster than it is being formed.
Why is the petrochemical industry important?
The petrochemical industry is hugely important for modern society and development
It plays a crucial role in various sectors.
What fuels are used in most modern methods of transport?
Fuels used in transport are based on oil products
This includes cars, trains, airplanes, etc.
Name four products obtained from crude oil.
- Polymers
- Lubricants
- Solvents
- Detergents
- Adhesives
These are essential in various applications.
What are homologous series?
Families or groups of organic compounds with similar features and chemical properties due to the same functional group
Homologous series exhibit a predictable pattern in their properties.
What do all members of a homologous series have in common?
They have:
* The same general formula
* A difference in molecular formula of CH2 between members
* Gradation in physical properties
* Same functional group
* Similar chemical properties
These characteristics allow for systematic study and predictions about their behavior.
What is the difference in the molecular formula between one member of a homologous series and the next?
CH2
This represents the incremental change in molecular structure as you move from one compound to the next.
What kind of trend can be observed in the physical properties of a homologous series?
Gradation in their physical properties
An example is the trend in boiling points of the alkanes.
True or False: All members of a homologous series have different functional groups.
False
All members share the same functional group.
Fill in the blank: The same general formula is a characteristic of _______.
[homologous series]
This ensures consistency in the chemical structure across the series.
What trend is observed in the boiling points of alkanes?
Each alkane has a boiling point that is higher than the one before it
This trend is due to increasing molecular size and mass.
What happens to intermolecular forces of attraction as alkane molecules get larger?
The intermolecular forces of attraction become greater
This is due to more electrons in the molecules and greater surface area contact.
Fill in the blank: As the molecules of alkanes increase in size, the boiling point _______.
increases
True or False: Larger alkane molecules have weaker intermolecular forces compared to smaller molecules.
False
What factors contribute to the increase in intermolecular forces in larger alkanes?
- More electrons in the molecules
- Greater surface area contact
