Fuels And Hydrocarbons

Question 1

How is crude oil separated

Answer 1

Fractional distillation

Question 2

What do longer hydrocarbons have

Answer 2

Higher boiling points, harder to ignite, has a higher viscosity, stronger intermolecular forces

Question 3

How many hydrocarbons/ what’s the boiling point of bitumen

Answer 3

120 hydrocarbons

350 degrees is its boiling point

Question 4

How many hydrocarbons/ what’s the boiling point of diesel

Answer 4

40 hydrocarbons

250 - 300 degrees

Question 5

How many hydrocarbons/ what’s the boiling point of paraffin

Answer 5

12 hydrocarbons

180 - 220

Question 6

How many hydrocarbons/ what’s the boiling point of petrol (gasoline)

Answer 6

8 hydrocarbons

25 - 60 degrees

Question 7

How many hydrocarbons/ what’s the boiling point of naphtha

Answer 7

10 hydrocarbons

60 - 180 degrees

Question 8

How many hydrocarbons/ what’s the boiling point of liquid petroleum gas

Answer 8

3 hydrocarbons

25 degrees

Question 9

How many hydrocarbons/ what’s the boiling point of fuel oil

Answer 9

20 hydrocarbons

220 - 250 degrees

Question 10

How many hydrocarbons/ what’s the boiling point of lubricating oil

Answer 10

80 hydrocarbons

300 - 350 degrees

Question 11

Name the first 5 alkanes

Answer 11

Methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane

Question 12

What’s the alkane formula

Answer 12

CnH2n+2

Question 13

Name the chemical symbols for the first 5 alkanes

Answer 13

CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12

Question 14

Name the first 5 alkenes

Answer 14

Ethene, propene, butene, pentene and hexene

Question 15

What is the alkene formula

Answer 15

CnH2n

Question 16

Name the chemical symbol for the first 5 alkenes

Answer 16

C2H4
C3H6
C4H8
C5H10
C6H12

Question 17

Is it alkenes or alkanes that are saturated

Answer 17

Alkanes - saturated

Alkenes - not saturated

Question 18

When do combustion reactions happen

Answer 18

When hydrocarbons burn in oxygen

Question 19

When does incomplete combustion occur

Answer 19

When hydrocarbons burn in a limited supply of oxygen

Question 20

What’s the formula for complete combustion

Answer 20

Hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

Question 21

What’s the formula for incomplete combustion

Answer 21

Hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon + carbon monoxide + water

Question 22

What’s bad about carbon monoxide

Answer 22

Can combine with red blood cells and can stop your blood from doing its proper job which can lead to fainting coma or even death

Question 23

What can be released in to the atmosphere and be left behind after incomplete combustion

Answer 23

Tiny particles of carbon can be released and it can leave soot

Question 24

What releases surfer dioxide and nitrogen oxides when burned and causing acid rain

Answer 24

Fossil fuels

Question 25

How does acid rain occur

Answer 25

When soulful dioxide mixes with clouds forming sulfuric acid

Question 26

What does acid rain do

Answer 26

Cause lakes to come acidic, kills plants and animals and tree, damages limestone building and stone statues and causes metal to corrode

Question 27

How are nitrogen oxides created

Answer 27

Reaction between nitrogen and oxygen in the air caused by energy released by combustion reactions

Question 28

What can nitrogen oxide cause

Answer 28

Photochemical smog -type of air pollution that can cause breathing difficulties, headaches and tiredness

Question 29

What can hydrogen also be used for

Answer 29

To power vehicles

Question 30

What r the pros of hydrogen

Answer 30

Clean, doesn’t have any pollutants, renewable

Question 31

What r the cons of hydrogen

Answer 31

Expensive, pollutants as fossil fuels are burned for it to be manifactured

Question 32

What does cracking do

Answer 32

Splits up long chain hydrocarbons

Question 33

What is used to speed cracking up

Answer 33

A catalyst

Question 34

Describe the cracking process

Answer 34

Vaporise hydrocarbons which is then passed onto a catalyst (aluminium oxide) at about 400 - 700 degrees. The long chain molecules split apart on the surface of bits of catalyst