Full test

Question 1

What is optical breathing?

Answer 1

Changing focus changes framing (slight zoom). Noticeable with longer zoom lenses.

Question 2

Explain the results of lens diffraction and when it is most pronounced?

Answer 2

It decreases sharpness. When light passes through a small hole, it diffract, so it is most pronounced with higher f-stops where the aperture hole is small

Question 3

What is the lighting contrast ratio (equation)?

Answer 3

Indicates difference in brightness between the key and fill lights
(Key + Fill / Fill)

Question 4

How many watts equals amps (Gaffer’s Law, Paper Amps)?

Answer 4

Watts = Volts * Amps, 100 watts = 1 Paper Amp is a good estimate in the US

Question 5

Movement of a free electron from one atom to another is called?

Answer 5

Electric current

Question 6

The amount of electrons drawn by a load is called?

Answer 6

Current (measured in Amperes)

Question 7

Are amperes additive or subtractive across a current?

Answer 7

Additive

Question 8

How much percentage of total energy is used to create light with an LED lighting unit (highly efficient)?

Answer 8

60% in high quality film lights

Question 9

Explain and detail LOG and include a sensometric graph

Answer 9

LOG is a different method of encoding brightness than linear that saves more information with limited space. Instead of crushing shadows, it squeezes exposure so that it can be manipulated finely in post

Question 10

Can you restrike an HMI light within 5 minutes?

Answer 10

No, it takes longer than that to cool down and restrike it to full

Question 11

What is the difference in f-stops between the key side back to the fill side with a 4:1 lighting ratio?

Answer 11

2 stops

Question 12

Ray box lens design: Where is the focal length and how to measure it?

Answer 12

Distance from center of the convex lens to the point where the rays meet. Marked the center and meeting points and used a ruler.

Question 13

What is the double scrim color and how much light does it take away (vs single)?

Answer 13

Red border, cuts 1 stop (vs green border, ½ stop single)

Question 14

What is the standard color temperature of an HMI light?

Answer 14

5500K daylight, starts colder

Question 15

What are the two color temperatures of a bicolor LED light that tunes the range of most LED lights?

Answer 15

2700K and 6700K

Question 16

What are two things lacking in the look of LOG footage on a monitor?

Answer 16

Contrast and saturation

Question 17

What is negative fill light, and how can you create it?

Answer 17

Blocking/absorbing light to increase contrast on the fill side. Create by using a black bounce to absorb light that would otherwise reflect to the fill side

Question 18

What is the cause of rolling shutter?

Answer 18

Cameras capture the image line by line top to bottom instead of all at once, so the top will capture the subject slightly earlier than the bottom

Question 19

What is checkerboard lighting (draw a picture)?

Answer 19

A lighting style that resembles a grid of light and dark. Dark Bright Dark Bright

Question 20

What is hard light?

Answer 20

Light that is focused and casts sharp shadows on a subject, creating high contrast

Question 21

What is soft light?

Answer 21

Light that is diffused so that the edges of shadows are more feathered, offering lower contrast

Question 22

What does black balancing the camera help suppress (what failure)?

Answer 22

Suppresses unwanted tinting and avoids inconsistent exposure, zeros out background noise in shadows. Sets for true black in total darkness

Question 23

What are three reasons for alternating current line loss?

Answer 23

Length, thickness, amp load, bad connections

Question 24

How many perforations are in one frame of 35mm motion picture film on one side?

Answer 24

4

Question 25

What is the difference between LOG and RAW?

Answer 25

RAW is unprocessed sensor data that needs to be converted to be viewed. It is much larger as a file, but preserves the raw information captured by the sensor. LOG is a processed video format that pulls the most amount of detail and dynamic range.

Question 26

When shooting LOG footage, what percentage of brightness should the gray card be at?

Answer 26

Around 40%

Question 27

What is the difference between 16mm film and super 16 mm film?

Answer 27

Super 16mm is single perforation, the second perforation that is in regular 16mm is replaced with a wider image area

Question 28

How do you use the gray card and the waveform to get the correct exposure for LOG footage?

Answer 28

Bring the gray card in front of the subject and move it left to right. On the waveform, look for the moving block where the gray card is. It should be around 40%. If not, adjust the appropriate exposure setting (aperture, ISO, shutter angle, NDs)

Question 29

What is the PLUGE and how do you set it up?

Answer 29

Black bars in bottom right of the color bars screen. There are three bars that represent different shades of black and dark gray. Calibrate the brightness and contrast until the left two are not visible and the rightmost is barely visible. May be easier to do in monochrome.

Question 30

What is the MTF chart test?

Answer 30

This test measures the sharpness and resolving power of a lens. Lenses with higher resolution will be able to distinguish clearly between closer lines.

Question 31

Why do we need to keep our eye tight on the viewfinder when shooting film?

Answer 31

If we do not, light will leak through the viewfinder and hit the film, fogging the image and creating other unwanted disturbances to the image.