Full Unit Review Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is Boyle’s Law? (And equation)
If the pressure on a specific gas is increased, the volume will decrease.
(P1V1 = P2V2)
What is Charles’ Law? (And equation)
For a fixed mass of a gas at constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the temperature. (V1/T1 = V2/T2)
What is Gay-Lussac’s Law? (And equation)
For a fixed mass of a gas at constant volume, three pressure is directly proportional to the temperature. (P1/T1 = P2/T2)
What is the Combined Gas Law equation?
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
What are the 3 points of Avogadro’s Law?
- at constant temp and pressure, quality volumes of gases always contain the same #of particles
- therefore, for any gas at constant t & p, the volume is directly proportional to the number of moles of a gas
- furthermore, in a reaction involving gases, the volumes of reactants and products, when measured at constant p & t, will be the same ration as the Mole ratios indicated in the balanced chemical reaction.
What are the condition for STP and SATP?
STP - 273K, 101.3kPa (one mole of ideal gas occupies 22.4L)
SATP - 298K, 100.0kPa (one mole of ideal gas occupies 24.8L)
What is Daltons Law of Partial Pressure? (And equation)
In a mixture of gases that do not react chemically, the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas
(Pt= P1+P2…Pn)
Pn= the partial pressure would be exerted by gas “n” if it were alone in the container
What is collecting gases over water? (And equation)
The molecules of water vaporize and mix with molecules of the gas. The total pressure of the gases trapped in the cylinder is
(Ptotal= Pgas + P water vapor)
To determine the pressure of the collected gas, often referred to as the pressure of the dry gas, the pressure of water vapor must be subtracted from the total pressure
Forces Between Particles : Ionic compounds
Ionic compounds contain strong electrostatic attraction and therefore these salts are found in the solid state at room temp. They have a high boiling point.
Forces Between Particles: polar molecules
These compounds contain permanent dipoles and form strong dipole-dipole intermolecular bonds. They are found in the liquid or solid state, but have a lower boiling point.
Forced Between Particled: Non-polar molecules
The have no dipoles and contain very weak intermolecular bonds. They are usually gases
Comparing states of matter: Solid
Volume - fixed
Shape - fixed
Attractivenes btwn particles - strong
Space btwn particles - super small
Compressibility - incompressible
Motion of molecules - vibrational
Degree of disorder - low
Comparing states of matter: liquid
Volume - fixed
Shape - variable
Attraction btwn particles - low/mod
Space btwn particles - small
Compressibility - slightly compressible
Motion of mol - vibration, rotation
Degree of disorder - moderate
Comparing states of matter: gas
Volume - very variable
Shape - very variable
Attraction btwn particles - very weak
Space btwn particles - large
Compressibility - very compressible
Motion of mol - vib, rot, translation
Degree of disorder - high
Types of molecular motion: vibrational
Atoms within a molecule/lattice move/vibrate
Types of molecular motion: rotational
Molecules rotate and change position
Types of molecular motion: translational
Particles move from place to place
What is happening on a heating curve
Solid - increasing vibrational motion (kinetic energy)
Melting- intermolecular bonds are weakened
Liquid- increasing vib/rot motion
Boiling- intermolecular bonds are broken
Gas- increasing vibrational, rotational and translational motion
What happens in the solid -liquid -gas triangle
Solid (melting) liquid
Liquid (solidification) solid
Liquid (evaporation) gas
Gas (condensation) liquid
Gas (deposition) solid
Solid (sublimation) gas
What is the kinetic molecular theory of gases
The properties of a gas are related to the properties of the particles (atoms or molecules) that make up the gas. Particles in a gas are separated by empty space.
What are the 5 points of the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
Individual gas particles have virtually no volume compared to the space between the particles
No attractive or repulsive forces exist between the particles in a gas
Gas particles face very high translational energy. They move randomly in a straight line.
- When gas particles collide with each other or the walls of the container, the collision is elastic. There is no loss of kinetic energy.
- The average kinetic energy of a gas is directly related to temperate. The greater the temperature, the greater the kinetic energy.
