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201: Peds Exam 2 > Fun Facts > Flashcards

Fun Facts Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

At how many weeks gestation does CNS develop?

A

First 3 to 4 weeks

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2
Q

What is craniosynostosis?

A

Premature closing of cranial sutures

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3
Q

RF shaken baby

A

Single parent
Young parent
SUD
Stress
Premature or sick infant
Colic

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4
Q

A&P of Child nose and throat

A

Infants: obligate nose breathers til 6w, little mucus
Newborns: small passages prone to obstruction
Children have enlarged tonsillar and adenoid tissue
Funnel larynx til 10 yo

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5
Q

Croup is an inflamed…

A

Larynx and trachea

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6
Q

Complications of foreign body aspiration

A

PNA
Abscess
Hypoxia
Resp failure and death

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7
Q

4 aspects of tetralogy of fallot

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect
Overriding aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy

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8
Q

When is tetralogy of fallot dx?

A

During first weeks of life

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9
Q

RF infective endocarditis

A

Prosthetic valves
Congenital heart defect

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10
Q

This CM is most common in children

A

Dilated

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11
Q

What the heck is Kawasaki disease?

A

Inflammation of blood vessels
Mostly in youngsters 6 months to 5 yo

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12
Q

When does baby GI system mature?

A

2 yo

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13
Q

Increased risk dehydration in youngsters due to…

A

Increased extracellular fluid percentage
Higher body water %
Increase BMR
Higher BSA
Immature renal

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14
Q

This microbe causes most diarrhea

A

Virus

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15
Q

What is Hirschsprung disease?

A

Neonatal obstruction leading to megacolon
Due to lack of ganglion cells
Surgery resection is required

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16
Q

These irregularities are often associated with cleft lip/palate

A

Heart defects
Ear malformations
Skeletal deformities
GU abnormality

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17
Q

Complications associated with cleft

A

Feeding difficulties - air intake, gagging, choking, inadequate intake, fatigue, FTT
Altered dentition
Delayed speech
Otitis media

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18
Q

Bladder capacity in newborn

A

30 mL

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19
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

Urethral opening on ventral surface

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20
Q

What is epispadias?

A

Urethral opening at dorsal surface

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21
Q

What is nephrotic syndrome?

A

Abnormal loss of protein in urine

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22
Q

What is acute glomerulonephritis?

A

Inflammation at glomerulus filters of kidneys. Most likely from strep throat.

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23
Q

What is phimosis?

A

Foreskin that can’t retract. Increased risk for UTI.

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24
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

Retraction that cuts off penis circulation

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25
What is cryptorchidism?
One or both testicles don’t descend
26
Complications and characteristics of variocele (enlarged scrotal veins)
Low sperm count and motility leading to infertility Pain, blue, swelling
27
Teratogens affect spine and brain during this time during gestation
W3 to 4
28
Injury to epiphyseal region can lead to…
Early, incomplete, or partial closure of the growth plate Deformities Shortening of the bone
29
What is genu valgum?
Knock knees Normal; resolves by 8 yo
30
Complications rt casting and traction
NV compromise Skin issues Soft tissue injury Compartment syndrome Pin site infection Osteomyelitis
31
What is osteogenesis imperfecta and what causes it?
Brittle bone disease due to defect in collagen 1 gene
32
Complications of osteogenesis imperfecta
Dentino-genesis imperfecta Hearing loss Chronic and acute pain Scoliosis Respiratory problems Blue sclera
33
DDH more common in…
Breech Gals Native American Eastern European
34
What is torticollis?
Head tilt
35
Rickets due to…
Inadequate calcium, vitamin D, sunlight Chronic renal disease - can’t balance calcium and phosphorus GI disorder - can’t absorb vitamin D
36
What is Legg Calve Perthes?
Avascular necrosis of femoral head
37
Babies with myelomeningocele spina bifida are at an increased risk for…
Meningitis Hypoxia Hemorrhage
38
Long term complications of myelomeningocele
Paralysis Bowel and bladder incontinence Deformities Latex allergies
39
These heart conditions increase pulmonary blood flow
VSD ASD PDA
40
RF PDA
Premature High altitudes
41
What is hypoplastic L heart syndrome?
Mixed heart disorder Non functional L heart Leads to cyanosis, circulatory collapse Requires surgery/transplant
42
Differences between childhood and adult cancers
Childhood from embryonal and neuro-ectodermal tissues; results in lymphoma, sarcoma, CNS tumors Adult from epithelial cells; results in carcinomas
43
Changes in blood cell production can result in…
Bruising Fatigue Pallor Infection
44
Tumor infiltration, compression, obstruction can lead to…
Pain Swelling Discharge
45
Complications of aplastic anemia
Infection Hemorrhage Death
46
Complications of leukemia
Metastasis Altered growth Neurocognitive dysfunction Ocular, CV, thyroid dysfunction
47
Complications (not ss) of brain tumors
Hydrocephalus Increased ICP Brain stem herniation Radiation side effects (neuro and endocrine)
48
What the heck is a wilms tumor?
Renal tumor (1 kidney) Abdominal mass Mostly in 2-5 yo Unknown cause Grows fast HTN in 25%
49
Complications of GH deficiency and therapy
Altered carb, protein, and fat metabolism Hypoglycemia, glucose intolerance, DM SCFE Pseudotumor cerebri Leukemia CNS tumors Injection site infections Edema and Na retention
50
Complications of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Hyponatremia Hyperkalemia Hypotension Shock Hypoglycemia Short stature Tumor in testicle Male puberty at 2-3 yo Ambiguous genitalia in girls
51
Complications and characteristics of trisomy 21
Intellectual disability Facial Cardiac Sensory GI (constipation) Infections Poor feeding / FTT
52
Complications of anorexia and bulimia
F and lyte Hypothermia Amenorrhea Low blood volume/BP Arrhythmias (bradycardia) Esophagitis Esophagus/stomach rupture Tooth loss Mental problems 18% mortality rate
53
What is Broselow tape?
For <25 kg Measures length to determine drug dosing in emergency
54
What causes sudden cardiac arrest in kids?
Lyte Drugs Congenital or acquired heart defect Lethal arrhythmias CM Trauma/injury to chest
55
Complications of near drowning
Hypoxia Hypothermia Hypovolemia Pulmonary edema Neuro
56
Complications and characteristics of cystic fibrosis
Hemoptysis Pneumothorax Bacterial colonization Cor pulmonale Volvulus Intussusception Intestinal obstruction Rectal prolapse GERD DM PHTN Liver failure Gallstones Decreased fertility Pancreatic enzyme activity is lost Malabsorption of fats, proteins, and carbs Poor growth Large foul smelling stools
57
What is hydrocele?
Fluid in scrotal sac Resolves by 1 yo
58
What is point tenderness?
Pain felt when pressure is placed on injury site Reliable indicator of fracture in kids
59
What is periodic breathing?
Regular breathing with periods of apnea
60
Bacterial meningitis can lead to…
Brain damage Nerve damage Deafness Stroke Death
61
Risk factors cardiomyopathy
Congenital and genetic Myocarditis HIV Kawasaki Infection and disease Transplant and surgery HTN Muscular Dystrophy Drugs, alcohol, radiation Maternal DM Family hx
62
What is plagiocephaly?
Flattened part of head
63
Complications of legg calve perthes
Joint deformity and disease Pain Decreased motion and function/ gait
64
Potential complications of sickle cell disease
Stroke Sepsis Visual Leg ulcers Gallstones Spleen sequestration Delayed growth Priapism Enuresis Multiple organ dysfunction

201: Peds Exam 2 (3 decks)

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