fun facts Flashcards
(18 cards)
Lung cancer ectopically produces which hormone
ACTH
C4 aligns with
1)
2)
1) Upper margin of thyroid cartilage
2) Bifurcation of CCA (chemo/baro receptors at this level)
C6 aligns with
1)
2)
1) Lower border of cricoid cartilage
2) Upper margin of trachea and oesophagus
Branches of external carotid A
From bottom to top:
1) Superior Thyroid A
2) Ascending Pharyngeal A
3) Lingual A
4) Facial A
5) Occipital A
6) Posterior Auricular A
7) Superficial Temporal A
8) Maxillary A
Relation of Thyroid Arteries and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves
STA: Branch of External Carotid A
External LN: Branch of SLN branch of Vagus N
STA & External LN lie close to e/o
ITA: Branch of Subclavian A
Recurrent LN: Branch of Vagus N
ITA and RLN lie close to e/o
Superior Laryngeal Artery (branch of STA) runs with ILN (branch of SLN)
1º Sensory cortex receives input from?
Ventral Posterior Nucleus (VPM/VPL) of thalamus
Hemineglect lesion area
C/L Inferior parietal lobe - for body schema using info from 2º visual and somatosensory cortex
Visual association cortex sends info about
1) Spatial RS and motion (where)
2) Form and colour (what)
to which areas?
1) Posterior parietal lobe (UP) –> Dorsal Visual Pathway
2) Inferior Temporal Lobe (DOWN) –> Ventral Visual Pathway
Significance of Pterion
Thinnest part of skull & meeting point of 4 bones (Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Sphenoid)
Middle Meningeal A & V run deep to Pterion.
MMA branches from Maxillary A (ICA branch) in IT fossa, passes deep to Pterion and enters CC via Foramen Spinosum
Strap muscle names and innervation
From Ansa Cervicalis from Cervical Plexus (C1-C4)
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
What structures pass through these holes
1) Cribriform plate
2) Optic Canal
3) Superior Orbital Fissure
4) Foramen Rotundum
5) Foramen Ovale
6) Foramen Spinosum
7) Foramen Lacerum
8) Internal Acoustic Meatus
9) Jugular Foramen
10) Hypoglossal Canal
11) Foramen Magnum
1) Cribriform plate - CN 1
2) Optic Canal - CN 2, Ophtlamic Artery
3) Superior Orbital Fissure - CN 3,4,6,V1; Ophtlamic Vein
4) Foramen Rotundum - CN V2; Emissary veins
5) Foramen Ovale - CN V3
6) Foramen Spinosum - MMA
7) Foramen Lacerum - Emisary Veins, ICA (via Carotid Canal)
8) Internal Acoustic Meatus - CN 7,8; Labyrinthine A
9) Jugular Foramen - CN 9,10,11; IJV
10) Hypoglossal Canal - CN 12
11) Foramen Magnum - Spinal Cord and Meninges, Vertebral A, Spinal CN 11,
Describe path of CN 2
Temporal retina –> Middle VF of C/L side
Nasal retina –> Lateral VF of I/L side
Fibres from nasal retina cross over at the Optic Chiasma and hence full tract becomes C/L
- Collateral fibres
a) Superior Colliculus: EOM
b) Pretectal Nc: Photo-pupillary and accomodation reflex
Enter LGN
Optic radiations (upper OR and Meyer’s Loop)
1º Visual Cortex
Pupillary light reflex
Bright light –> Retina –> Optic tract collateral fibres to Pretectal Nc –> EWN –> Preganglionic fibres to ciliary ganglion –> Postganglionic from CG to Sphincter pupillae
Consensual light reflex
Bright light –> Retina –> Optic tract collateral fibres to Pretectal Nc –> Posterior commisure to EWN on C/L side –> C/L CG –> C/L Sphincter pupillae
(ABOVE VOCAL FOLDS)
External Laryngeal Nerve innervation?
Internal Laryngeal Nerve innervation?
(SLN is a branch of Vagus that splits into ILN (S) and ELN (M))
Cricothyroid that produces high pitched and screaming sounds (by increasing tension of Vocal Folds)
ILN supplies upper larynx (above vocal folds)
Which is the only muscle that abducts vocal folds (by rotating Arytenoid Cartilages away from e/o)?
Posterior Cricoarytenoid
(BELOW VOCAL FOLDS)
Senssory and motor supply?
RLN
- Sensory below VoF
- Motor to all laryngeal M except cricothyroid
Relations of tympanic cavity (ME)
A: Eustachian tube, ICA and plexus, Tensor Timpani
P: Mastoid antrum, Cn 7 from IAM giving off chorda timpani
S: Petrous temporal, Temporal lobe
I: IJV
M: Round window (I), oval window (S), promontory (bulge on medial wall from base of cochlea), tympanic plexus
L: Tympanic membrane
