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Bacterial Review > Fun facts about bacteria > Flashcards

Fun facts about bacteria Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

H.pylori

A

vibrio, curved GNR, strongly urease positive, upregulates caspases, peptic ulcer disease

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2
Q

V. cholera

A

vibrio, curved GNR, fecal to oral gastroenteritis, secretes mucinase for attachment to SI, secretes choleragen with AB subunit to disrupt signal transduction using A subunit to activate adenylate cyclse

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3
Q

vibrio

A

cholera, h. pylori, halophiles, virulence factors for survival in GI- survive acid, attach to lumen

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4
Q

borrelia burgdorferi

A

spirochete, 24 hours to transmit blood infection, immune evasion, 3 stages (1-erythema migrans, 2-cardiac and neurologic involvement, 3-arthritis), Jarisch-Heixmer reaction

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5
Q

listeria

A

enterobacteria, GPR, Bhemolytic, grows well in cold, listerolysin, actA, gastroenteritis, sepsis/menigitis

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6
Q

rickettsia

A

obligate IC, GNR, ticks, RMSF bacteremia leading to vasculitis/rash, tx: doxycycline, chloramphenicol

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7
Q

chlamydia

A

obligate IC, infectious elementary body, dividing reticulate body, asymptomatic often, hides behind other STDS, tx: doxycycline or erthyromycin/amoxicillin

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8
Q

spirochetes themes

A

hard to dx, need excellent history, 3 stages of disease, easily cross into bloodstream, immune evasion (no vaccines, exotoxins, inflammation),
Jarisch-Heixmer reaction

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9
Q

syphilis (t. pallidum)

A

spirochete, not culturable, slow growing, sexual transmission, 3 stages (1-chancre, 2- maculopapular rash on hands/soles, condylomata lata lesions on genitals, 3- granulomas, gummas, CNS) Jarisch-Heixmer reaction

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10
Q

What are two causes of scrofula? Which population are they more likely in?

A 
Tb- adults
atypical mycobacterium (M. scrofulaceum)- children
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11
Q

What drug is used to treat leprosy?

A

dapsone and rifampin

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12
Q

M. leprosy

A

not culturable, slowest growing, 30C for growth (sticks to superficial), spread by nasal secretions and skin lesions

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13
Q

Which form of leprosy has granulomas/foamy histocytes? Th1/Th2? immunogenic nerve damage/bacterial nerve damage? positive skin test/negative skin test?

A

tuberculoid: granulomas, Th1, immunogenic, positive
lepramatous: foamy lesion, Th2, bacterial, negative

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14
Q

atypical mycobacterium

A

environmentally acquired, PPD negative, less aggressive, not lethal in guinea pigs, M. scrofulacum

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15
Q

What drug is used to treat Tb? What type of therapy is recommended?

A

isoniazid, directly observed therapy with 4 drug regimens

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16
Q

What is remicade? What disease can it cause resurgence of?

A

TNFa antagonist, depresses CMI, may reactivate Tb

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17
Q

What disease is Pott’s disease caused by?

A

Tb in the long bones, osteomyelitis in the spine

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18
Q

What type of menigitis does the Brudzinski’s sign indicate? Why only this kind?

A

Tb menigitis, high inflammation

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19
Q

What is a Ghon complex? Where can bacteria spread from here?

A

exudative lesion and draining hilar lymph node, typical of pulmonary Tb, can spread to bloodstream

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20
Q

Describe the cell mediated response to Tb

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A

CD4 T cells activate macrophages to kill IC bacteria. CD8 T cells lyse infected macrophages. TNF helps maintain latency of Tb. -forms caesating granulomas

21
Q

M. tuberculosis

Study These Flashcards
A

acid fast (mycolic acid/arabinoglycan), obligate aerobe, fastidious, chromosomal drug resistance, no toxins produced, airborne transmission

22
Q

Salmonella

Study These Flashcards
A

enterobacteria, GNR, enterocolitis, attach by fimbrae, immunologic sampling to infect macrophages

23
Q

s. typhi

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A

typhoid fever, fecal to oral, trojan horse, systemic lymph node infection, necrosis of peyer’s patches, chronic carriagein gallbladder

24
Q

What do you see in blood smears from HUS?

Study These Flashcards
A

schistocytes- distorted fragmented RBCs from pushing past fibrin clots in small capillaries

25
What is reactive arthritis sequellae to?
shigella, salmonella, yersinia, campylobacter, chlamydia
26
Klebsiella pneumonia
old, COPD, alcoholic homeless men large polysaccharide capsule, adhesins for adherence, siderophores currant jelly sputum
27
Enterobacteriacae
GNR, no spores, catalase + oxidase -, faculative aerobes, promiscious to foreign DNA (virulence factors, abx resistance)
28
S. saprophytic
staphylococci, gram +, catalase +, coagulase -, gamma hemolytic, novobicin resistant UTI
29
S. epidermidis
staphylococci, gram +, catalase +, coagulase -, gamma hemolytic, novobicin sensitive attaches to catheters
30
S. aureus
staphylococci, gram +, catalase +, coagulase +, b hemolytic
31
staphylococci
gram +, catalse +, clumps, cause abscesses
32
enterococcus fecalis
streptococci, gram +, catalase -, gamma hemolytic, bile/optchin resistant UTI, abdominal abscess, endocarditis
33
peptostreptococci
streptococci, gram +, catalase -, gamma hemolytics, bile/optchin sensitive abscesses
34
viridans streptococci
streptococci, gram+, catalase-, alpha hemolytic, bile/optochin resistant, dental caries and endocarditis
35
pneumococci
streptococci (diplo), gram +, catalase -, alpha hemolytic, bile/optochin sensitive, pneumonia capsule (can have vaccine)
36
group B streptococci
gram +, catalase -, beta hemolytic, bactracin resistant, capsule
37
group A streptococci
gram +, catalase -, beta hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive, pili/M protein/kinases/toxins
38
streptococci
gram +, catalase -, chains
39
neisseria
gram - diplococci, oxidase +, need chocolate agar
40
n. meningitidis
gram -, maltose +, capsule (have vaccine), endotoxin LPS
41
n. gonorrhea
gram -, maltose -, endotoxin LOS, pili
42
What is the reducing agent added to anaerobic culture to eliminate oxygen?
thioglycolate
43
clostridium
GPR, spore forming c. tetani--tetanus--tetanospasmin c. botulinum--botulism--botulinium toxin c. perfingens--gas gangrene--tissue degrading enzymes c. perfingens-food poisoning-enterotoxin c. dificile-psueodmembranous colitis-exotoxinA/B
44
What mechanism of pathogenicity does c.dificile use?
AB subnit, A- disrupts tight junctions, intestinal swelling and inflammation, B- depolymerizes actin
45
What mechanism of pathogenicity does c.tetani use?
tetanospasmin exotoxin, AB subunit, intereference with signal transduction large subunit binds presynaptic motor neuron so small one can do retrograde axonal transport, cleaves synaptobrevin so can't release GABA or gly
46
What do GNAB cause? virulence factors?
abscesses, tissue degrading enzymes, capsule
47
actinomyces
gram + rod, no spores, no exotoxins, causes actinomycosis/abscess
48
What two cocci have superantigen?
s. aureus, s. pyogenes

Bacterial Review (1 decks)

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