FUNC: Theories of Religion

Question 1

Durkheim’s FUNCTIONS of religion?

Answer 1

Religion isn’t about the belief in God, it’s the function it provides.

1. Sacred - Representing symbols of great power and holy meanings. D sees this as people worshipping society.
2. Profane - Non sacred things that do not have religious meanings to people

Question 2

Totemism? (D)

Answer 2

People worshipping society through objects such as the totem
- Reinforces social solidarity and sense of belonging

Question 3

The collective Conscience? (D)

Answer 3

Religion performs important roles for individuals making us feel a part of something greater than us; it motivates us to overcome obstacles

Question 4

Cognitive functions of Religion?

Answer 4

Our ability to think and reason- Durkheim and Mauss say religion provides basic categories like space, time and causation.

Question 5

Malinowski’s FUNCTIONS of religion?

Answer 5

Psychological functions - Agrees with Durkheim, but says religion helps people cope in emotional distress.

Question 6

Which 2 situations does religion perform in according to Malinowski?

Answer 6

1. Outcome is important but uncontrollable.
   - Lagoon fishing = safe and predictable
   - Ocean fishing = dangerous and uncertain, thus need for God’s protection
2. At times of crisis.
   - Like death

Question 7

Parsons FUNCTIONS of religion?

Answer 7

• Religion legitimates societies basic norms - Promotes social stability.
• Explains things like why people die young.
• ‘Test of Faith’ - Answers questions

Question 8

Bellah’s FUNCTIONS of religion?

Answer 8

Civil Religion - what unifies Americans society is C/R.
- Americanism
- Loyal to nation, state and God.
- Expressed through flag/pledge of allegiance