Function of cells and organelles Flashcards
Function of cells
METABOLISM: Cells are able to break down substances and use as fuel etc.
REPRODUCTION: The cells ability to replicate itself.
SENSITIVITY: Respond to a stimulus
GROWTH AND REPAIR: Important to replace cells with the same type of cells (it is an increase in number not size)
RESPIRATION: Intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide
EXCRETION: removal or ALL waste
NUTRIENTS: All cells are able to get their requirements from their environment.
How do you go from cells to human?
Cells-Smallest complete unit in your body
Tissues-A group of cells with a similar functions
Organs-A variety of tissues with a common function
System-An organ system consists of a number of organs working together.
E.g. Blood cells –> connective tissue –> blood –> circulatory system
Location and function of nuclear membrane
Location: outside the nucleus
Function: protects the nucleus, controls entry into and exit out of the nucleus.
It acts as a: -physical barrier
-regulator of passage of materials
-sensitivity
-support
Location and function of nuclear pores
Location: throughout the envelope
Function: allows molecules and ions to pass through
Location and function of chromatin
Location: in the nucleus
Function: packed with proteins and chromosomes
Location and function of chromosomes
Location: in the nucleus
Function: aids in DNA transfer, contains genetic codes
Location and function of nucleous
Location: in the nucleus
Function: composed of RNA
Location and function of nucleoplasm
Location: liquid throughout the cell
Function: maintains shape of nucleus, transportation of materials
Location and function of ribosomes
Location: -attached to membranes
-may be free in the cytoplasm
Function: amino acids are joined together to make proteins.
Location and function of endoplasmic reticulum: smooth and rough ER
Location: extending through the cytoplasm and connecting the cell membrane with the nuclear membrane.
Function: a surface on which chemical reactions can occur. The channels between the paired membranes are used for storage/transport of materials.
Location and function of golgi apparatus
Location: edges of the cell membranes
Function: they modify proteins and package them in vesicles for secretion from the cell.
Location and function of lysosomes
Location: located in the cytoplasm, near the golgi apparatus
Function: contain enzymes able to break down proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and some carbohydrates.
Location and function of mitochrondria
Location: spread throughout the cytoplasm
Function: release energy for the cell through the process of respiration
Location and function of centrioles
Location: located near the nucleus
Function: involved in the reproduction of cells
Location and function of cilia and flagella
Location: attached to the membrane
Function: -cilia moves substances along
-flagella moves the whole cell
