FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY 2025.TT

Question 1

What are the three main functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Support, protection, and movement

Question 2

Which muscle type has striations and is under voluntary control?

Answer 2

Skeletal muscle

Question 3

Which protein makes up the thick filaments in muscle fibers?

Answer 3

Myosin

Question 4

Which protein makes up the thin filaments in muscle fibers?

Answer 4

Actin

Question 5

What is the functional unit of a muscle fiber?

Answer 5

Sarcomere

Question 6

What ion is necessary for muscle contraction?

Answer 6

Calcium (Ca²⁺)

Question 7

What is the neurotransmitter responsible for muscle contraction?

Answer 7

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 8

Which connective tissue layer surrounds an entire muscle?

Answer 8

Epimysium

Question 9

Which connective tissue layer surrounds muscle fascicles?

Answer 9

Perimysium

Question 10

Which connective tissue layer surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Answer 10

Endomysium

Question 11

What is the primary function of tendons?

Answer 11

Transmit mechanical force from muscle to bone

Question 12

What is the primary function of ligaments?

Answer 12

Stabilize joints by connecting bone to bone

Question 13

What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?

Answer 13

Tendons connect muscle to bone, ligaments connect bone to bone

Question 14

Which type of muscle contraction does not change muscle length?

Answer 14

Isometric contraction

Question 15

Which type of muscle contraction shortens the muscle?

Answer 15

Concentric contraction

Question 16

Which type of muscle contraction lengthens the muscle under tension?

Answer 16

Eccentric contraction

Question 17

What is the role of the myotendinous junction?

Answer 17

Transmits force between muscle and tendon

Question 18

What is an enthesis?

Answer 18

The site where tendons or ligaments attach to bone

Question 19

What are the three main types of joints?

Answer 19

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 20

Which joint type allows the greatest range of motion?

Answer 20

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 21

Which joint type is found between vertebrae?

Answer 21

Cartilaginous joint (symphysis)

Question 22

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 22

Lubricate joints and reduce friction

Question 23

What structure produces synovial fluid?

Answer 23

Synovial membrane

Question 24

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 24

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

Question 25

Which cartilage type is most flexible?

Answer 25

Elastic cartilage

Question 26

Which bone cells regulate bone resorption?

Answer 26

Osteoclasts

Question 27

Which bone cells regulate bone formation?

Answer 27

Osteoblasts

Question 28

What is the function of osteocytes?

Answer 28

Maintain bone matrix and regulate bone remodeling

Question 29

What is the function of the periosteum?

Answer 29

Protects bone, aids in fracture repair, and nourishes bone tissue

Question 30

What structure connects the Haversian canals in compact bone?

Answer 30

Volkmann’s canals

Question 31

What is the primary component of the organic matrix in bone?

Answer 31

Collagen (Type I)

Question 32

What is the primary inorganic mineral in bone?

Answer 32

Hydroxyapatite (Calcium phosphate)

Question 33

How does exercise affect bone density?

Answer 33

Increases bone density by stimulating osteoblast activity

Question 34

Which hormone increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts?

Answer 34

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 35

Which hormone lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclasts?

Answer 35

Calcitonin

Question 36

Which vitamin deficiency causes rickets?

Answer 36

Vitamin D

Question 37

Where does hematopoiesis occur in adults?

Answer 37

Red bone marrow

Question 38

What happens in osteoporosis?

Answer 38

Bone resorption exceeds bone formation, leading to weaker bones

Question 39

What is the role of fibrocartilage in joints?

Answer 39

Absorbs shock and provides structural support

Question 40

Which joint type contains a joint capsule?

Answer 40

Synovial joint