Functional Anatomy

Question 1

Anterior

Answer 1

at the front/ facing forward

Question 2

Posterior

Answer 2

at the back/ facing backwards

Question 3

Medial

Answer 3

closer to the body’s midline

Question 4

Lateral

Answer 4

further from the body’s midline

Question 5

Deep

Answer 5

on/ nearer the inside

Question 6

Superficial

Answer 6

on/ nearer the surface

Question 7

Superior

Answer 7

located at the top/ facing the top

Question 8

Inferior

Answer 8

located at the bottom/ facing the bottom

Question 9

Proximal

Answer 9

closer to the torso/ other major point

Question 10

Distal

Answer 10

further from the torso/ other major point

Question 11

Unilateral

Answer 11

one side

Question 12

Bilateral

Answer 12

both sides

Question 13

Ipsilateral

Answer 13

same side

Question 14

Contralateral

Answer 14

opposite side

Question 15

Anatomical Position

Answer 15

facing forwards
legs together
toes pointing forward
arms hang by side
face and palms facing forwards

Question 16

Two types of joint classification

Answer 16

function and movement
structure and movement

Question 17

Function and Movement Classification

Answer 17

synarthroses
amphiarthroses
diarthroses

Question 18

Synarthroses

Answer 18

immovable joint
united articulation
e.g. sutures

Question 19

Amphiarthroses

Answer 19

slightly movable joint
surrounded articulation
e.g. intervertebral discs surrounded by 2 vertebrae

Question 20

Diarthroses

Answer 20

freely movable joint
between articulation
e.g. knee - femur and tibia

Question 21

Structure and Movement Classification

Answer 21

fibrous joint
cartilaginous joint
synovial joint

Question 22

Fibrous Joint

Answer 22

dense, connective tissue provide a joint

e.g. sutures, syndesmosis (between radius/ulna, tibia/fibula - connects 2 together)

Question 23

Cartilaginous Joint

Answer 23

fibro or hyaline cartilage

e.g. synchondroses (epiphyseal growth plate)

Question 24

Synovial Joint

Answer 24

freely moveable

e.g. knee

Question 25

Types of Synovial Joint

Answer 25

hinge
gliding
pivot
saddle
condyloid/ ellipsoid
ball & socket

Question 26

Hinge Joint

Answer 26

uniaxial
one plane movement
allows flexion and extension
e.g. elbow

Question 27

Gliding Joint

Answer 27

uniaxial
allows flexion and extension
e.g. intercarpals - 1st row glides over second row

Question 28

Pivot Joint

Answer 28

uniaxial through spinning action
allows for supination and pronation
e.g. radioulnar joint

Question 29

Saddle Joint

Answer 29

biaxial
concave on convex
e.g. thumb - carpometacarpal

Question 30

Condyloid/ Ellipsoid Joint

Answer 30

biaxial
oval convex on oval concave
e.g. radiocarpal joint

Question 31

Ball and Socket Joint

Answer 31

multiaxial
all plane movement - flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, lateral and medial rotation
e.g. shoulder, glenohumeral joint (hip)