functional anatomy test

Question 1

5 functions of the respiratory system

Answer 1

• brings air into the lung
• transfers oxygen from the lungs into the blood
• removes carbon dioxide from the blood
• allows sense of smell
• creates speech

Question 2

functions of the skeletal system

Answer 2

support: posture control
attach: attachment point for muscles
produce: blood cells
protect: vital organs

Question 3

types of bones

Answer 3

long
short
flat
irregular

Question 4

anatomical planes

Answer 4

• transverse (top to bottom)
• frontal (back and front)
• sagittal (left to right)

Question 5

connective tissue

Answer 5

• tendon (attach muscle to bone)
• ligament (attach bone to bone)
• cartilage (stops bones rubbing together)

Question 6

flexion

Answer 6

closing a joint

Question 7

extension

Answer 7

opening a joint

Question 8

adduction

Answer 8

moving towards the centre line of the body

Question 9

abduction

Answer 9

moving away from the centre line of the body

Question 10

rotation

Answer 10

moving a limb on it axis

Question 11

circumduction

Answer 11

moving a limb in a circular motion

Question 12

dorsiflexion

Answer 12

flexion of the foot towards the shin

Question 13

plantar flexion

Answer 13

extension of the foot away from the shin

Question 14

eversion

Answer 14

is the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane

Question 15

inversion

Answer 15

is the movement of the sole towards the median plane

Question 16

supination

Answer 16

palm up

Question 17

pronation

Answer 17

palm down

Question 18

functions of the muscular system

Answer 18

• create movement (at joints)
• maintain posture
• body temperature regulation
• internal organ function
• blood circulation

Question 19

3 muscle types

Answer 19

Skeletal : Voluntary : Quadriceps
Smooth : Involuntary : Stomach
Cardiac : Involuntary : Heart

Question 20

respiratory acronym

Answer 20

Not – Nasal Cavity
Many - Mouth
People - Pharynx
Like  - Larynx
To - Trachea
Bake – Bronchi
Broccoli – Bronchioles
All – Alveoli
Day - Diffusion

Question 21

gas exchange

Answer 21

• Occurs in the alveoli
• Venous blood around the alveoli has a high level of CO2 and low level of O2
• Gas moves of area of high pressure/ concentration to low
• The process is called diffusion and requires no energy

Question 22

inspiration

Answer 22

• Intercostals contract to lift and expand chest

- diaphragm contracts to increase thoracic volume.

Question 23

expiration

Answer 23

• Intercostals relax pushing air out of the thoracic cavity.
• Diaphragm relaxes and further reduces the volume.

Question 24

axial skeleton

Answer 24

head, vertebral column, ribs and breastbone or sternum

Question 25

appendicular skeleton

Answer 25

everything else | - eg: Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals

Question 26

somatoypes

Answer 26

- endomorph: lots of body fat, lots of muscle, and gain weight easily - ectomorph: long and lean, with little body fat, and little muscle - mesomorph: athletic, solid, and strong

Question 27

function of blood

Answer 27

- Transporting nutrients - Regulating the body’s fluids - Regulating the body’s temperature - Protecting the body against disease.

Question 28

parts of blood

Answer 28

- Red blood cells: Transport nutrients - Plasma: Regulating the body’s fluids - White blood cells- Protecting the body against disease. - Platelets: Prevent bleeding by causing blood clotting

Question 29

types of blood vessels

Answer 29

- Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart - Veins: Carry blood to the heart - Capillaries: Where diffusion occurs

Question 30

Blood Pressure is:

Answer 30

the amount of force exerted on the walls of the artery

Question 31

Two types of blood pressure:

Answer 31

diastolic and systolic

Question 32

Stroke Volume

Answer 32

Amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat

Question 33

Cardiac Output

Answer 33

Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute

Question 34

Cardiac output formula

Answer 34

= STROKE VOLUME X BEATS PER MINUTE

Question 35

flow of deoxygenated blood

Answer 35

- superior (top) / interior (bottom)vena cava - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary valve - out the pulmonary arteries

Question 36

flow of oxygenate blood

Answer 36

- pulmonary veins - left atrium - bicuspid valve - left ventricle - aortic valve - out the aorta

Question 37

middle tissue surrounding the heart

Answer 37

septum