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Functional Groups > Functional Group Definitions > Flashcards

Functional Group Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Alkanes

A

Saturated hydrocarbon, every carbon has the maximum number of hydrogens possible.

Ex) Methane, Propane

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2
Q

Alkenes

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbon, at least one or more double bond present

Ex) Ethene, Hexene

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3
Q

Alkynes

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbon, at least one or more triple bond present

Ex) Methyne, Butyne

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4
Q

Alkyl halide

A

Alkane with a halide (F, Cl, Br, I) in place of hydrogen.

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5
Q

Primary alkyl halide

A

A halide is bonded to a carbon which is bonded to one other carbon

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6
Q

Secondary alkyl halide

A

A halide is bonded to a carbon which is attached to two other carbons

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7
Q

Tertiary alkyl halide

A

A halide is bonded to a carbon which is attached to three other carbons

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8
Q

Alcohols

A

-OH (hydroxide) bonded to an sp3 carbon

Ex) Ethanol

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9
Q

Primary alcohol

A

Hydroxide is bonded to a carbon which is attached to one other carbon

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10
Q

Secondary alcohol

A

Hydroxide is bonded to a carbon which is attached to two other carbons

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11
Q

Tertiary alcohol

A

Hydroxide is bonded to a carbon which is attached to three other carbons

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12
Q

Ether

A

An oxygen bonded to two different alkyl groups

Ex) Diethyl ether

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13
Q

Amines

A

A nitrogen bonded to other carbons by a single bond

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14
Q

Primary amine

A

A nitrogen bonded to one other carbon

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15
Q

Secondary amine

A

A nitrogen bonded to two other carbons

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16
Q

Tertiary amine

A

A nitrogen bonded to three other carbons

17
Q

Aldehyde

A

A carbonyl group (oxygen double bonded to a carbon) bonded to one hydrogen and one carbon

18
Q

Ketone

A

A carbonyl group (oxygen double bonded to a carbon) bonded to two carbons

Ex) Acetone

19
Q

Carboxylic acid

A

A carbon double bonded to an oxygen and a hydroxide (-COOH, or properly OH-C=O)

20
Q

Ester

A

A derivative of carboxylic acid. Replace hydrogen with a carbon

21
Q

Amide

A

A derivative of carboxylic acid. Replace the hydroxide group with an amine group

22
Q

Primary amide

A

An amide group where the nitrogen is bonded to a single carbon

23
Q

Secondary amide

A

An amide group where the nitrogen is bonded to two carbons

24
Q

Tertiary amide

A

An amide group where the nitrogen is bonded to three carbons

25
Q

Nitriles

A

A carbon triply bonded to a nitrogen

Functional Groups (3 decks)

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