Functional Groups Flashcards
(23 cards)
Alkane
Single carbon carbon bond
Alkene
Double bond carbon to carbon
Alkyne
Triple bond carbon to carbon
Arene
Ring structures
Can have double or triple bands
Cyclo-
Substitutive
Functional group, can be converted into one another by substitution reactions
Includes: halide, amine, thiol, alcohol
Oxidative
Functional group, when naming this functional group always comes first, even before bonds
Can be converted into one another by ReDox reactions
Includes: alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid
Combinations
Functional group
Includes: ether, amide, thioester, ester
Halides
R-X
X= F, Cl, Br, I
(Halogen stuck on a carbon chain)
Substitutive
Amine
R-NH2
(Focus on the nitrogen)
Substitutive
Thiol
R-SH
Substitutive
Alcohol
R-OH
Substitutive and Oxidative
Aldehyde
R-C-H
| |
O
Oxidative
Ketone
R-C-R’
||
O
Oxidative
Carboxylic Acid
R-C-OH
||
O
Oxidative
Ether
R-O-R’
Combination of alcohol and alcohol
Amide
O
||
R-C-N-R’
|
H
Combination of amine and carbo acid
Thioester
O
||
R-C-S-R’
Combination of thiol and carbo acid
Ester
O
||
R-C-O-R’
Combination of alcohol and carbo acid
Cis
Hydrogen molecules on same side of double bond
Trans
Hydrogen molecules on opposite sides of double bond
Chiral carbon
A carbon bonded to four different groups, results in a pair of enantiomes
Constitutional / structural isomers
Same atoms but different bonding arrangement
Stereoisomers
Same bonding structures but different 3D shape
