functional groups nomenclature

Question 1

carboxylic acid

Answer 1

1. carbonyl carbon is #1
2. drop “e” and add “oic acid” to give “alkanoic acid” parent
3. carboxylic acid has a higher priority than ket/ald, so any other C=O on the chain is named as an “oxo” substituent

Question 2

acid halide

Answer 2

1. carbonyl carbon is #1
2. drop “e” and add “oyl halide” to give “alkonyl halide” parent

Question 3

acid anhydride

Answer 3

1. change word “acid” to “anhydride” to give “alkanoic anhydride” parent
2. for mixed anhydrides, list both acid groups before the word anhydride

Question 4

ester

Answer 4

1. name the alkyl group attached to the oxygen atom
2. list alkyl group first, and change the parent “oic acid” to “oate” to give “alkyl alkanoate” name

Question 5

amide

Answer 5

1. start at carbonyl carbon
2. drop “e” and add “amide” to give “alkanamide” parent. list other alkyl groups as N- substituents

Question 6

nitrile

Answer 6

1. start at cyano carbon
2. add “nitrile” to give “alkanenitrile” (do not drop e)