Functional organisation of nervous system Flashcards
List 4 features of cortical organisation
Functional specialisation, distributed networks, asymmetry, maps
What are the regions to network and what does it do
somatosensory-motor and sensory
vision
frontoparietal-decision making
language
dorsal attention-executive control of attention
ventral attention-recognition of salient features
Which region of network exhibits strong asymmetry and give an example that displays it
Language
Usually language information read in the left visual field flows to right through corpus callossum
If corpus callosum is cut, word on left hand side can’t be read
Where are the motor and sensory areas of the brain located
Motor-just anterior to central sulcus
Sensory-just posterior to central sulcus
What do local circuits involve
it controls behaviour and is autonomous
spinal cord/hindbrain (sensory input-motor output)
midbrain (integrated startle responses, eye movements)
Identify spinal cord area from cross section and where sensory enters and motor exits
ref. notes
what does ANS consist of, control and which nerves supply where
Controls visceral organs, SM, secretory glands
Parasympathetic: midbrain, hind brain, sacral spinal cord
Sympatheic: thoracic spinal cord T1-T6 chest,, head, neck. T6-T12 abdomen, T12+ pelvic
What does the hypothalamus do
aka ventral diencephalon
integrates autonomic and neuroendocrine system (hormones)
circadian rhythm, energy metabolism. reproductive behaviour, body temp, defensive behaviour, blood pressure/electrolytes
What does the thalamus do
aka dorsal diencephalon
central hub of information flow in cerebral cortex
relays sensory input
reciprocal connections with every part of cortex.
decides whether something is good/bad idea. (basal ganglia=reward, cerebellum=error)
What do the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts consist of and what do they bypass
spinal cord, hind brain
bypasses thalamus
what are the functions of the CNS aand the brain
CNS-local neural control networks, metabolism
Brain-monitors, evaluates and predicts, generates behaviour
What are the axis reflecting development
rostral (head) to caudal (tail) axis
sagittal (side) view
Where do the major central subdivisions map to and give examples
the neural rostrocaudal axis
forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
Why are neurulation defects common
5 independent closure events which could go wrong e.g. spina bifida, anencephaly, craniorachischisis
What constitutes of the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
Forebrain: cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus.
Midbrain: is the uppermost part of brainstem responsible for motor movement e.g. eye as well as visual and auditory processing
HIndbrain: Cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata
