Functional Voice Disorders Flashcards by Natalia Rodriguez

what are functional voice disorders characterized by?

tension, hyperfunction, larynx “riding high”, anxiety

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what percentage of functional voice disorders are dysphonia cases?

10%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

do functional voice disorders occur predominantly in men or women? why?

women; they carry more stress

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are functional voice disorders caused by?

URI, stressful/traumatic event, psychosocial (mood, anxiety, adjustment), organic, idiopathic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is there any structural pathology present in functional voice disorders?

NO. Unless an organic disorder develops

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the classifications of etiologies for functional voice disorders?

psychogenic: caused by underlying psychological factors
misuse/abuse: caused by hyperfunction
idiopathic
organic: compensatory hyperfunction as a result of organic pathology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is hyperfunction?

excessive overuse of the muscles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which is the biggest cartilage?

thyroid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are examples of misuse/abuse?

excessive throat clearing, excessive/inappropriate singing/performing
MTD: muscle tension dysphonia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does “riding high” mean?

thyroid cartilage is higher than it should be; should be around the middle of the neck
-the larynx goes up with increase use because the muscles that suspend the larynx are shortening, and tightening bringing the larynx up

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the functional voice disorders?

puperphonia/falsetto
functional aphonia
functional dysphonia
paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM_

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is MTD?

muscle tension dysphonia where there is increase muscle tension, ventricular compression/phonation, anterior-posterior press

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is puperphonia?

a medical term for a male that has a higher fundamental frequency; there is a pitch control disorder (pitch too high, pitch breaks)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when does this occur and why?

during puberty because some males are afraid of the deeper voice that occurs so they hold the larynx high and tighten up preventing everything from maturing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is puperphonia due to an anatomical immaturity of the larynx?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how does puperphonia occur?

males keep their VF stretched the entire time in order to prevent that lower pitch; the inability to accept the normal maturation of the voice

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is functional aphonia?

whisper or shrill-sounding voice; without voice; pt usually comes in whispering; the voice comes in and out

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

why can whispering be damaging?

it increases muscle tension

can functional aphonia be psychogenic?

yes; psychologically our bodies can cause the disorder by a reaction to a certain event

how can we know if pts are faking aphonia?

would not be able to go from no voicing to complete voicing; can test this by asking pt to cough or clear throat

what is part of the treatment for functional aphonia?

having the pt distinguish between normal voice and aphonic voice

can functional aphonia be temporary or intermittent?

yes

what percentage of the aphonia cases coexist with psychiatric disorders?

80% (other 20% are faking for worker’s comp)

what is functional dysphonia?

excessive tension of the laryngeal/extralaryngeal muscles (neck, shoulder)

is breathing normal in functional dysphonia?

what kind of breathing occurs during functional dysphonia?

clavicular or chest breathing

what are some symptoms of functional dysphonia?

increased vocal effort, vocal fatigue, hyperfunction (ventricular compression, ventricular phonation, anterior-posterior press)

what causes the strained voice quality in functional dysphonia?

muscles tension doesn't allow the VF to vibrate which causes stiff VF and extra muscle tension

what is ventricular compression?

false vocal folds (ventricular folds) coming towards midline trying to compress

what is an anterior-posterior press?

front and back of larynx pushing in

what is laryngopharyngeal reflux?

acid reflux comes from stomach and gets passed lower esophageal sphincter, gets passed esophagus, pharynx, then gets to larynx and the first part it splashes onto is the larynx’ back, the larynx’ tender tissue burns, burns the upper (separates larynx from esophagus) and lower (right above the stomach) sphincters, can also eventually splash onto VF

what is paradoxical vocal fold movement?

in normal breathing: when we breath in, the VF open. when the pt breathes in, the VF adduct; can completely close; air is trying to suck into very small safe

what is the main etiology of PVFM?

psychogenic

what are other etiologies of PVFM?

LPR (may not be a cause may just co-occur) and neurological

what are symptoms of PVFM?

dyspnea, inspiratory stridor, chronic cough, may or may not have dysphonia

can PVFM be exercise induced?

yes; once start playing sports, can be normal throughout the day

what is PVFM frequently misdiagnosed as?

asthma

how can you tell difference between PVFM and asthma?

strobing; in asthma the bronchioles close

what is dyspnea?

shortness of breath

what is an inspiratory stridor?

when the pts inspire, VF adduct and might creat difficulty breathing; the stridor is the wheeze-like noise made when trying to breath

when can PVFM increase?

during stressful times

is PVFM treatable with therapy?

yes

can upper respiratory infection cause voice disorders?

yes