Functionalism

Question 1

What are Durkheim’s 4 types of suicide

Answer 1

Altruistic
Anomic
Fatalistic
Egoistic

Question 2

Define Anomic Suicide

Answer 2

Too little regulation, anomie, a state of anarchy.
No goals, stress change
No knowledge of how to deal with problems
Eg: after prison or army

Question 3

Define Altruistic Suicide

Answer 3

Over-integration

Eg: suicide bomber, IS, kamikaze, integrated into army or religion thought of afterlife and reward

Question 4

Define Fatalistic Suicide

Answer 4

Dying anyway ‘no way out’

Eg: death row, terminal illness, assassin coming for you

Question 5

Define Egoistic Suicide

Answer 5

Isolated and alone
Not involved in society
Individuality

Question 6

Parson’s Functional PreRequisites

Answer 6

Adaptations
Goal-Attainment
Integration
Latency

Question 7

Expand on Parson’s concept of adaptation

Answer 7

• employment
• power
• shelter
• food/water
• necessities to function, adapt environment, operationalise it

Question 8

Expand on Parson’s concept of goal attainment

Answer 8

• qualifications
• grades
• life skills
• personal targets
• government applied targets

Question 9

Expand on Parson’s concept of integration

Answer 9

• involvement
• support
• keeping control
• socialisation and learning rules
• police, family, media, peers, religion
• formal and informal control

Question 10

Expand on Parson’s concept of latency

Answer 10

• reinforce core values
• socialisation
• Norms and values
• shared identity
• coming together

Question 11

Parson’s three systems for institutions to feature

Answer 11

Personality - beliefs, goals, values
Social - institutional expectations
Cultural - core values and shared history

Question 12

Expand on Parson’s pattern variables

Answer 12

Affectivity vs neutrality
Specificity vs diffuseness
Universalism vs particularism

Question 13

Explain universalism vs particularism

Answer 13

Application of general or specific social rules with people during interactions
Family-particularistic (priority treatment)
Strangers on street-universalistic

Question 14

Explain specificity vs diffuseness

Answer 14

Act in regard to one interest or a number of interests
Roles-specific
Employer employee relationship
Boyfriend/girlfriend sees you in most social roles

Question 15

Explain affectivity vs neutrality

Answer 15

Emotional or rational behavior
Emotional-family friends
Rational-employer stranger

Question 16

Parson’s Functional PreRequisites

Answer 16

Adaptations
Goal-Attainment
Integration
Latency

Question 17

Expand on Parson’s concept of adaptation

Answer 17

• employment
• power
• shelter
• food/water
• necessities to function, adapt environment, operationalise it

Question 18

Expand on Parson’s concept of goal attainment

Answer 18

• qualifications
• grades
• life skills
• personal targets
• government applied targets

Question 19

Expand on Parson’s concept of integration

Answer 19

• involvement
• support
• keeping control
• socialisation and learning rules
• police, family, media, peers, religion
• formal and informal control

Question 20

Expand on Parson’s concept of latency

Answer 20

• reinforce core values
• socialisation
• Norms and values
• shared identity
• coming together

Question 21

Parson’s three systems for institutions to feature

Answer 21

Personality - beliefs, goals, values
Social - institutional expectations
Cultural - core values and shared history

Question 22

Parson’s Functional PreRequisites

Answer 22

Adaptations
Goal-Attainment
Integration
Latency

Question 23

Expand on Parson’s concept of adaptation

Answer 23

• employment
• power
• shelter
• food/water
• necessities to function, adapt environment, operationalise it

Question 24

Expand on Parson’s concept of goal attainment

Answer 24

• qualifications
• grades
• life skills
• personal targets
• government applied targets

Question 25

Expand on Parson's concept of integration

Answer 25

- involvement - support - keeping control - socialisation and learning rules - police, family, media, peers, religion - formal and informal control

Question 26

Expand on Parson's concept of latency

Answer 26

- reinforce core values - socialisation - Norms and values - shared identity - coming together

Question 27

Parson's three systems for institutions to feature

Answer 27

Personality - beliefs, goals, values Social - institutional expectations Cultural - core values and shared history

Question 28

Summarise Merton's strain theory

Answer 28

Not everyone has value consensus Believes Parson's omitted motivation for material gain Recognises difficulty faced by certain groups Manifest functions-apparent functions Latent functions-unintended functions Assumption of indispensability Functional unity

Question 29

What are Durkheim's 5 crucial factors explaining why people had become so unhappy in industrial capitalist society

Answer 29

- individualism Introduction of individual choice in society resulting in claiming credit when things go well and self punishment if things don't - excessive hope Hard work leads to success lack of success means self blame -too much freedom Lack of societal interest in individuals and no answers - atheism Religion provides community and relationships draws society around it -weakening of the nation and of the family Patriotism and belonging being part of something bigger than ourselves