Functionalist, Strain+Subcultural theories

Question 1

Difference Between Crime and Deviance

Answer 1

Crime - Breaking laws in place in society
Deviance - Frowned upon + goes against values of society

Question 2

The inevitablitiy of crime

Answer 2

not everyone is going to be socialised effectivley and functioonalist see crime as inevitable and society will always bhave some degree of crime
but
largley still regard crime +deviance as negative

Question 3

Durkheim The inevitablitiy of crime

Answer 3

‘crime is normal… an integeral part of all healthy societes’

Question 4

Durkheim Anomie

Answer 4

rules governing behavoiour become less clear cut

Question 5

Positive functions of crime

Answer 5

• Boundary maintaince
• Adaptation and change
• Saftey valve
• A warning that an institution isnt functioning

Question 6

Boundary maintence

Answer 6

reinforces the boundary and unites people over wrongdoings
the punishment of the crime that helps people understand how wrong these people are.
durkheim - punishment reaffirmd societies shared values

Question 7

Boundary mainenece examples

Answer 7

• courtroom demonises wrongdoings
• cohen the media ‘dramatisation of evil’
• 2017 manchester arena bombing - 22 angels highligs social soidarty and communites coming together after insidences

Question 8

Boundary maintance eval

Answer 8

media can give someone a master status + re offend when released due to their negative image

Question 9

Adaptation and change

Answer 9

individuals who seek social change or see injustice in society
Durkheim all change starts with act of deivance

Question 10

Adaptation and change examples

Answer 10

Rosa parks
sitting on a seggregated bus - led to MBB

Question 11

Adaptation and change Eval

Answer 11

sometimes change isnt always needed
durkheim very high or low levels of crime needed - signal social system malfunctioning

Question 12

Saftey valve

Answer 12

davis argues protitution acts as a saftey valve - realse of male sexual frustrations without threatening the monogomy of the nuclear family

Question 13

Polsky - porn

Answer 13

pornography safley channels a varitey of sexal desires away as alt to adultery

Question 14

Saftey valve Eval

Answer 14

its determinative is there now more than just the nulearmonogomus family

Question 15

Warning that an institution is not functioning

Answer 15

indication that something in the system isnt working which led to crime

Question 16

Warning that an institution is not functioning Examples

Answer 16

Prison riots in 2010s
- overcrouding
- cohen truency in schools

Question 17

Warning that an institution is not functioning Eval

Answer 17

why are we waiting for riots and distruction to change the system
- truency still rising even with ofsted + policies like parent fines

Question 18

Positive functions of devience

Answer 18

• reinforces what is and isnt acceptable
• publically shows us boundaries for behaviour
• strengthens bonds in society

Question 19

Crime is functional

Answer 19

• creates jobs
• can cause change in laws megans law USA and Sarahs Law UK - request a child sex offenders name

Question 20

Mertons strain theory

Question 21

the american dream

Answer 21

Americans are expected to pursue goals by legit means
‘american dream’ - american soc iety is meritocratic anyone who makes efforts can get ahead - opportunites for all

Reality - may are disadvataged groups denied opportunites legitimatley = strain between cultural goal of money + lack of legit opportunities produces frustration

Question 22

Merton 5 fold ‘anomic paradigm’

Answer 22

• Conformist - Acheiving the goals through the means
• Innovators - Struggling towards the goals but find other means
• Ritualist - Given up on the goals but still use the means
• Retreatists - given up
• Rebels - rejects societies goals and means creates their own goals and means

Question 23

Merton Eval

Answer 23

• it takes crime states at faced value and they over rtep WC crime also is too deterministic
• Marxist argue it egnores the power of rulling class
• assumes there is a value consensus - everyone strives for ‘moey success ‘

Question 24

Subcultural strain theories
Cloward and Ohlin

Answer 24

• Criminal subcultures
• Conflict subcultures
• retreatist subcultures

Question 25

Criminal subcultures

Answer 25

criminal subcultures are when well established criminal organisations provide the youth with an “apprenticeship” in a criminal career Eg they only form in areas with a stable criminal culture

Question 26

Conflict subcultures

Answer 26

conflict subcultures usually occur in areas with a high population turnover and the high levels of disorganisation prevent a stable criminal organisation grom forming and they offer the youth a chance to release their frustration from their blocked opportunities and gain an alternative form of status through winning turf wars

Question 27

Retreatist subcultures

Answer 27

which are individuals who don’t want to pursue a professional career as a criminal and often turn to illegal drug use

Question 28

Eval of cloward + Ohlin

Answer 28

they draw the boundaries to sharply between these **south found drug trade mixed with disorganied crime and professional mafia criminal subcultures**