Functionalist Theory Of Crime

Question 1

Parsons

Answer 1

Social Order
Value Consensus - Crime arises when individuals deviate from shared norms and values, which are maintained through social institutions.
Sanctions - Formal and informal punishments reinforce acceptable behavior, ensuring stability and order in society.
Socialisation - Individuals learn societal norms through institutions like family, education, and religion, reducing the likelihood of deviance.

Question 2

Durkheim

Answer 2

Positive View of Crime
Social Regulation - Crime clarifies moral boundaries by reinforcing laws and expected behaviors.
Social Integration - A certain level of crime strengthens social cohesion by uniting people in condemnation of deviant acts.
Social Change - Deviance can challenge outdated norms, leading to legal and social progress.

Question 3

Hirschi

Answer 3

Bonds of Attachment
Attachment - Strong emotional bonds with family, friends, and community discourage criminal behavior.
Commitment - Investment in education, career, and social standing makes crime a risk not worth taking.
Involvement - Participation in conventional activities reduces time and opportunity for deviance.
Belief - A strong acceptance of societal norms and laws decreases the likelihood of criminal behavior.