Functioning Organisms

Question 1

What is the role of the root system in flowering plants?

Answer 1

The function of the root system is to anchor the plant to a surface, and to absorb and transport water and minerals. The root system also stores substances and allows a special type of reproduction called vegetation propagation that results in new plants.

Question 2

What is Urea?

Answer 2

Urea is an organic compound commonly found in urine

Question 3

Where does the deoxygenated blood from the body come into the heart?

Answer 3

Deoxygenated Blood enters the heart via the Right Atrium

Question 4

What is the trachea?

Answer 4

The trachea, also know as the windpipe, is a membranous tube reaching from the larynx to the bronchial tubes in the lungs. It transports the air from the mouth/nose to the lungs.

Question 5

What is the role of the diaphragm?

Answer 5

The diaphragm is the main muscle involved in the respiratory system. It expands the lungs when one breathes in air by contracting itself.

Question 6

Where does the blood flow out of the heart?

Answer 6

Bloods flows out of the heart from the Left Atrium

Question 7

What artery takes blood to the lungs to get oxygenated?

Answer 7

The Pulmonary artery takes blood to the lungs to get oxygenated

Question 8

Which vein bring blood back to the heart?

Answer 8

The Pulmonary veins brings blood back to the heart

Question 9

Where does oxygenated blood come into the heart?

Answer 9

Oxygenated blood Enters the heart via the Left Atrium

Question 10

Where does oxygenated blood get pumped out of the heart?

Answer 10

Oxygenated blood gets pumped through the Aorta

Question 11

What is the purpose of the blood?

Answer 11

It is a transportations system that transports oxygen and nutrients around the body. It also carries antibodies, which fight germs and bacteria, and hormones, which the body processes.

Question 12

What is the purpose of red blood cells?

Answer 12

The purpose of red blood cells is to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.

Question 13

What is the purpose of white blood cells?

Answer 13

White blood cells fight bacteria, infection and germs when they enter the body.

Question 14

What is plasma and what does it do?

Answer 14

Plasma is the liquid part of your blood. It is a very pale yellow colour and transports your blood cells throughout your body. Approximately half of your blood is made of plasma and it is made in the liver.

Question 15

What do arteries do?

Answer 15

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

Question 16

What do veins do?

Answer 16

Veins carry deoxygenated blood back towards the heart.

Question 17

What are capillaries?

Answer 17

Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that are thinner then the hairs on your head. They connect arteries to veins and allow things such as nutrients, oxygen and wastes to pass in and out of your blood through capillary walls.

Question 18

Define the term ‘vegetative reproduction’.

Answer 18

Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction of a plant. ONE plant is involved and the offspring is the result of ONE parent. The new plant is also genetically identical to the parent.

Question 19

What are the teeth and tongue used in the digestive system?

Answer 19

The teeth are responsible for the physical breakdown of food. The tongue is important in pushing the food towards the teeth. Salivary glands make saliva, which contains enzymes to start chemical digestion.

Question 20

What is the role of the Oesophagus in the digestive system?

Answer 20

The oesophagus is a tubular muscle that forces food down to your stomach in the process called peristalsis.

Question 21

What would be the role of the stomach in the digestive system?

Answer 21

The stomach stores food for about 3 hours while it uses gastric juice to help digest the food. The food in your stomach looks nothing like what you ate for dinner. It is a runny, warm and smelly and it also has a totally different taste. This mixture is called chyme.

Question 22

What is cell division in plants?

Answer 22

Cell division is when a plants cell divides itself into two or more cells. Cells which have the ability to to divide can become specialised cells which are called stem cells. However not all cells can divide, and some cells can carry out particular functions, and in the process they loose this division ability.

Question 23

What is excretion?

Answer 23

Excretion is the act or process of passing or removing waste from the body.

Question 24

What is respiration?

Answer 24

Respiration is the opposite process of photosynthesis, in which an organism can create its own energy through the glucose added during photosynthesis or consuming food. The equation for this is: Glucose + Oxygen ➡️ Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy.

Question 25

What organs are involved with excretion?

Answer 25

The 4 main organs involved with excretion are: 1.The skin: the skins removes excess water, salt, heat and other substances from the body. 2.The lungs: Removes Carbon Dioxide and moisture. 3.The Kidneys: removes harmful substances during the main excretion process 4. The lower intestinal tract: removes all of the left over waste from the excretion procedure

Question 26

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 26

Photosynthesis is the process done by a plant which transforms light energy into chemical energy, which allows the plant to create its own food. Photosynthesis can be summarised through this equation: Light energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water ➡️ Glucose + Oxygen.

Question 27

What is the role of the liver in the digestive system?

Answer 27

One of the main function of the liver is that it creates a substance called bile that is required to digest food in the small intestine. The liver is divided into two sections: a right and a left globe. Both lobes are made up of cells called hepatocytes. These cells produce bile and secrete it into the bile ducts, which carry bile to the gall bladder where it is stored until used by the small intestine.

Question 28

Why do we become thirsty after a salty meal?

Answer 28

We become thirsty after a meal with a concentration of salt because the sodium found in the food creates a higher concentration of salts and particles which pulls water out of cells due to osmosis. The body then sends out a thirst call to get back the loss water.

Question 29

How does a plant reproduce?

Answer 29

Sexual reproduction occurs when seeds or fruits are released, these seeds and fruits are then spread by agents. These agents include: wind, running water and animals.

Question 30

What is osmosis?

Answer 30

Osmosis is a process where a solvent (liquid) passes through a semipermeable Membrane (more info at http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-semipermeable-membrane.htm) from an area with low solute concentration (not much salt for example) to somewhere with high solute concentration (lots of salt).

Question 31

List the parts of the respirtatory system.

Answer 31

Nasal cavity, Nostril, Oral cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Right main bronchus, Left main bronchus, Right lung, Left lung and Diaphragm.

Question 32

What happens with CO2 and O2 at the alveoli?

Answer 32

The exchange of gases (O2 & CO2) between the alveoli & the blood occurs by simple diffusion: O2 diffusing from the alveoli into the blood & CO2 from the blood into the alveoli. Diffusion requires a concentration gradient. So, the concentration (or pressure) of O2 in the alveoli must be kept at a higher level than in the blood & the concentration (or pressure) of CO2 in the alveoli must be kept at a lower lever than in the blood. We do this, of course, by breathing - continuously bringing fresh air (with lots of O2 & little CO2) into the lungs & the alveoli.