Functions

Question 1

bool()

Answer 1

a function which returns the Boolean value of a specified object

Question 2

classmethod()

Answer 2

a function which converts a method into a class method

Question 3

input()

Answer 3

a function which asks the user for text input

Question 4

int()

Answer 4

a function which returns an integer object from any number or string

Question 5

len()

Answer 5

a function which returns the number of characters

Question 6

print()

Answer 6

a function which prints the specified message on screen

Question 7

range()

Answer 7

a function which returns the sequence of numbers defined, incrementing by 1. Stops before a specified number and default is 0.

Question 8

sum()

Answer 8

a function which returns the sum of values in an iterable

Question 9

What is a function?

Answer 9

A function is a block of reusable, organised code, used to perform a set of specified instructions when called upon.

Question 10

Why use a function?

Answer 10

Modularity, reusability, avoiding redundancy, readability

Question 11

What kinds of functions are there?

Answer 11

Built-in, UDFs, anonymous/lambda

Question 12

Method

Answer 12

A method is a function which is part of a class. It can be accessed with an instance or object of the class.

Question 13

Parameter

Answer 13

Name used to define a function or method, listed inside of the function parenthesis

Question 14

Argument

Answer 14

An argument is the value that are sent to the function when it is called

Question 15

Default argument

Answer 15

An argument which can be defined within a function to be taken by default if no argument value is given during function call

Question 16

Required argument

Answer 16

An argument which must be passed during function call in order

Question 17

Variable number of arguments

Answer 17

When a varying number of arguments can be given for a function, (*args) can be used

Question 18

Keyword arguments

Answer 18

Used to make sure arguments are given in the correct order, identify arguments using their parameter name

def plus(a, b)
      return a+b

plus(b=2, a=1)

Question 19

Global scope variable

Answer 19

A variable which is defined throughout the whole module (globally), as opposed to within a class

Question 20

Local scope variable

Answer 20

A variable which is defined within a class, outside of the class, the definition is not the same

Question 21

Arrays

Answer 21

A data structure that stores only values of the same datatype. Lists can store multiple datatypes.

Question 22

Module

Answer 22

A file containing python definitions and statements which can be imported into other modules.

Question 23

Function recursion

Answer 23

A function which calls on itself, directly or indirectly

Question 24

2-D array

Answer 24

An array with 1-D arrays as its elements. Often represents a matrix

arr = numpy.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])

Question 25

3-D array

Answer 25

An array with 2-D arrays as its elements. arr = numpy.array([[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]]])

Question 26

OOP

Answer 26

A programming model that organises its software design around objects and data, rather than functions and logic. It operates on encapsulation, inheritance, abstraction, and polymorphism.

Question 27

Encapsulation

Answer 27

Bundling data with methods that can operate on that data within a class. Hiding data within a class to prevent access or changing from anything outside of the class. Only through the classes methods can other objects interact with it.

Question 28

Abstraction

Answer 28

Focuses on what an object must contain. Hides unnecessary details. Happens at design level

Question 29

Inheritance

Answer 29

The ability for a derived class to inherit methods and variables from a base class. Allows classes to have relationships

Question 30

Multiple inheritance

Answer 30

The ability for a derived class to inherit methods from two base classes or more

Question 31

Multilevel inheritance

Answer 31

The ability for features to be inherited from another derived class. This can be of any depth

Question 32

Polymorphism

Answer 32

The ability for a function or object of the same name to be used for a different purpose. A method defined in a class can be called the same name in a different class and used for a different purpose.