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Oral Biology > Functions 2 > Flashcards

Functions 2 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

List the CN’s (12)

A
  1. Olfactory
  2. Optic
  3. Oculomotor
  4. Trochlear
  5. Trigeminal
  6. Abducens
  7. Facial
  8. Vestibulocochlear
  9. Glossopharyngeal
  10. Vagus
  11. Accessory
  12. Hypoglossal
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2
Q

What trigeminal nerve division does the IAN pass through

A
  • Mandibular division

- Carries sensory and motor axons to and from the trigeminal nucleus

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3
Q

Why do you have to anaesthetise the inferior alveolar nerve for dental surgeries involving the lower 7s and 8s?

A

Bone around these teeth is too thick

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4
Q

What does the IAN innervate?

A

Mandibular teeth

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5
Q

What does the IAN give off anteriorly?

A

Mental nerve

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6
Q

Where does the mental nerve exit the mandible?

A

Via the mental foramen

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7
Q

What does the mental nerve supply?

A

Sensory branches to the chin and lower lip

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8
Q

Does IDB cross the midline?

A

No

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9
Q

Define paraesthesia (2)

A
  • An abnormal sensation

- Typically tingling or prickling

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10
Q

Define dysaesthesia (2)

A
  • An abnormal unpleasant sensation felt when touched

- Caused by damage to peripheral nerves

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11
Q

Where should the needle be positioned for an inferior alveolar nerve block?

A
  • Above lower molars

- Anterior to lingula

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12
Q

How do you avoid hitting the blood vessels involved in the ID nerve when doing an ID nerve block?

A

Insert needle slowly

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13
Q

What can cause numbness after an ID block

A

Damage to the Inferior alveolar nerve

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14
Q

How would you know that you have inserted the needle into the inferior alveolar nerve when doing an ID block? (3)

A
  • Patient will instantly feel sharp pain in their lip
  • Will then lose sensation in lip for longer
  • Dentist needs to warn patient not to bite their lip
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15
Q

Purpose of the gag reflex

A

Acts to prevent material entering the pharynx

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16
Q

What evokes the gag reflex?

A

Mechanical stimulation of

  1. Fauces
  2. Palate
  3. Posterior tongue
  4. Pharynx
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17
Q

What nerve is involved in the afferent (sensorial) response?

A

IX Glossopharyngeal

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18
Q

What nerve is involved in the efferent (motor) gag response? (6)

A 
V Trigeminal 
IX Glossopharyngeal 
X Vagus 
XI Accessory 
XII Hypoglossal

The motor (secretory) visceral nerves of the salivary glands are also stimulated

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19
Q

Function of afferent (sensory neurons)

A

Carry a message to the CNS

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20
Q

Function of efferent (motor neurone)

Study These Flashcards
A

Carry a message to a muscle, gland or other effector

Carry message away from the CNS

21
Q

Function of an interneuron (connecting neuron)

Study These Flashcards
A

Connect the sensory neurons with the motor neurons

22
Q

List methods of managing the gag reflex (6)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Make material fast setting by increasing water temperature
  2. Proper positioning (from behind for upper, in front for lower)
  3. Place tray at back first, and move forwards
  4. Sit patient upright
  5. Distract by clenching fists, moving feet
  6. Ask patient to breathe
    Can use a greenstick impression material (do a little at a time)
23
Q

What denture design is recommended when the post - dam can’t be tolerated by the patient? (3)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Posterior part of an RPD made with retaining mesh to allow attachment of acrylic extension
  2. Allows RPD to be adjusted more easily
  3. Reduces weight of a large metal connector
24
Q

List symptoms of bells palsy (4)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Inability to wrinkle brow
  2. Drooping eyelid, inability to close eye
  3. Inability to puff cheeks, no muscle tone
  4. Drooping mouth, food stuck in cheek
25
What CN causes bells palsy?
Facial Nerve CN7
26
List the facial nerve branches (5)
1. Temporal 2. Zygomatic 3. Buccal 4. Mandibular 5. Cervical
27
Function of the facial muscles: Orbicularis Oris Buccinator
Help to control food bolus and prevent spillage
28
Define Bells palsy
Any type of facial paralysis that does not have any other associated causes like tumours, trauma and salivary gland inflammation
29
List causes of Bells palsy (6)
1. Infections 2. Otitis media 3. Diabetes 4. Trauma 5. Toxins 6. Temporarily by infiltration of LA to the facial nerve branches during dental tx
30
How does temporary bells palsy arise from LA?
- Injecting too far distally leading to the parotid gland being penetrated, allowing the diffusion of the LA through glandular tissue - This affects all branches of the facial nerve
31
How do we manage facial nerve palsy?
- Patients should be informed and reassured | - Eye patch so the cornea is protected until the protective blink reflex returns
32
Function of periodontal mechanoreceptors
While roots and their PDL remain, periodontal mechanoreceptors allow finer discrimination of food texture, tooth contacts and levels of functional loading
33
List benefits of keeping the periodontal mechanoreceptors intact (3)
> Better appreciation of food + more precise control of mandibular movements than is provided by full dentures Psychological benefit: > By preventing the feeling of total loss of natural teeth > Makes eventual transition to conventional complete dentures more acceptable
34
What does the loss of periodontal mechanoreception influence? (4)
1. The control of jaw function 2. The precision of magnitude 3. The direction 4. The rate of occlusal load application
35
What senses do mechanoreceptors respond to?
Touch | Pressure
36
Threshold of mechanoreceptors
0.5mN
37
Function of mechanoreceptors
Sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion
38
Function of periodontal mechanoreceptors
Periodontal mechanoreceptors are very sensitive, enabling us to assess the direction of forces applied to teeth
39
What oral functions do periodontal mechanoreceptors contribute to? (3)
1. Mastication (food consistency) 2. Salivation 3. Interdental discrimination
40
Define interdental discrimination (4)
1. Ability to gauge extent of mouth opening 2. Coordination of masticatory movements 3. Monitoring size of food particles 4. Detection of high spots
41
What receptors contribute to interdental size discrimination (3)
1. TMJ receptors 2. Muscle receptors 3. PDL receptors
42
Function of a shim stock
Metal foil to test occlusion | 8 microns thickness
43
Define proprioception
Awareness of position and orientation of body parts
44
What is proprioception served by? (3)
1. Joint receptors 2. Muscle receptors 3. Periodontal receptors
45
Define dysphagia
Many disorders can cause//lead to food getting stuck your oesophagus
46
List disorders that can cause dysphagia
1. Stroke 2. Brain injury 3. Multiple sclerosis 4. Gastroesophageal reflux disorder 5. Tumours
47
Function of nociceptors
Respond to intense (noxious) stimuli, that are usually associated with pain
48
Nasopharynx infections lead to loss of (2)
Loss of taste + olfaction

Oral Biology (10 decks)

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