Fundamental Concepts Flashcards
Social Order
Based on people’s social lives, there are certain predicatable behaviours that create some form stability and order in society so that everyone can function.
Social Control
Society ensures conformity to the dominant values and norms of soicety, through formal and informal sanctions used by social agents (family, peers, education, religion).
Social Change
A shift in society.
Status
The social position of a person in society that is either ascribed or recieved/achieved.
Roles
The part one plays once they occupy a status
Values
Ideas that are considered good, worthwhile, and desirable by society.
List 6 examples of Values
- Money
- Family (relationships
- Health
- Education
- Material Posessions
- Modesty
Norms
A specific guide to behaviour.
Give 3 examples of norms in society
- using a knife and fork to eat in a formal setting
- going to church every Sunday/Saturday
- the colour and design of a specific school uniform
What is a Sanction and list the two types.
Used to ensure people conform in society.
1. Negative Sanction
2. Positive Sanction
Negative Sanction
Imposition of a penalty for disobeying a law/rule.
Positive Sanction
Giving official permission/approval for an action.
Social Groups
A collective sense of unity between 2 or more people interacting with each other, and tend to have similar characteristics.
List the two types of social groups
- Primary Group
- Secondary Group
Primary (social) Group and list 2 examples
a small social group where members share close, personal and enduring relationships.
1. family
2. peer group
Secondary (social) Group and list 2 examples
Impersonal group based off of working together to achieve something/being goal-oriented.
1. coworkers
2. school/classmates
What is in-group and out-group in relation to social groups?
- In-group: a social group to which a person identifies being apart of.
- Out-group: a social group with which an individual does not identify.
Socialization
the lifelong process through which members of society learn the acceptable and unacceptable norms, values and behaviours in a particular society. they basically learn the culture of the society.
List the two types of socialization
- Primary Socialization
- Secondary Socialization
Primary socialization
Begins at childhood, within the (immediate) family. Social control first takes place- the child learns the correct behavior (sharing, respect), basic social skills, and language used in society.
Secondary socialization
More specific training and skills are learned as the child enters the “formal education system”. They are socialized according to the rules and regulations, interact with those who are not their family, relatives, or friends.
Culture
The total way of life of individuals in a given society, creating a sense of belonging and identity among people of similar background.
list the 2 types of culture
- Material culture
- Non-material culture
Material Culture and list 5 examples
tangible, material things that our society creates and uses for survival.
1. food
2. clothing
3. housing (architecture)
4. books
6. painting
