Fundamentals

Question 1

Botrytis cinerea is also known as…

Answer 1

Noble rot or Pourriture Noble

Question 2

What are the three levels of French wine quality pyramid?

Answer 2

AOC/AOP, IGP, Vins sans IG (Vin de France)

Question 3

What are basal buds?

Answer 3

On a shoot, basal buds are those closest to the trunk.

Question 4

What’s the difference between conventional and sustainable farming practises?

Answer 4

Conventional farming practices rely heavily upon agrochemicals, sustainable farming methods use agrochemicals more discriminately

Question 5

What’s the difference between conventional and sustainable farming practises?

Answer 5

Conventional farming practices rely heavily upon agrochemicals, sustainable farming methods use agrochemicals more discriminately

Question 6

T or F: Grapes are described as early-to-late harvest relative to the harvest date of chasselas?

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

Above what temperature would a vine stop photosynthesizing?

Answer 7

95F / 35C

Question 8

Below what temperature would a vine stop photosynthesizing?

Answer 8

50F / 10C

Question 9

T or F: Phylloxera is indigenous to Europe?

Answer 9

FALSE it is indigenous to North America.

Question 10

Powdery Mildew is also known by what name?

Answer 10

Oidium

Question 11

Downy mildew is also known by what name?

Answer 11

Peronospera

Question 12

A pet nat is made via what production method?

Answer 12

Methode Ancestrale

Question 13

Which sparkling wine production method involves just one fermentation?

Answer 13

Methode ancestrale

Question 14

Define oxidative winemakeing

Answer 14

A practise by which wine is deliberately allowed contact with oxygen

Question 15

Define reductive winemaking

Answer 15

A practise by which a wines contact with oxygen is minimised before bottling

Question 16

Define passerillage

Answer 16

A process by which the stalks of the grape clusters are twisted, cutting off the flow of sap, and causing the grapes to dessicate on the vine.

Question 17

What is a synonym for Melon de Bourgogne?

Answer 17

Muscadet

Question 18

Define monopole

Answer 18

A vineyard with a single owner

Question 19

Name the 3 most commonly grown grapes on northeast france in the middle age?

Answer 19

Pinot, savagnin and Gouais Blanc

Question 20

The word Meunier translates as

Answer 20

“Miller”. The grape is so named because the underside of the leaves appear as though dusted with flour

Question 21

Malbec is a natural cross of which two grapes

Answer 21

Prunelard x magdeleine noire des charentes

Question 22

What does VDN stand for?

Answer 22

Vin Doux Naturel

Question 23

Name the process by which neutral grape spirit is added to a fermenting must.

Answer 23

Mutage

Question 24

What French city was home to the coronation of French kings?

Answer 24

Reims

Question 25

Define "ban des vendages"

Answer 25

The official picking date as prescribed by government officials.

Question 26

What is the longest river in France?

Answer 26

Loire

Question 27

What climatic event in 1956 dramatically changed viticulture in France

Answer 27

The Great Winter Freeze (of 1956)

Question 28

What is the Mistral?

Answer 28

A cold, north wind largely impacting the Rhone Valley and Provence

Question 29

What is the Tramontane?

Answer 29

A cold, north wind largely impacting Langeuedoc and Roussilon

Question 30

The Phocaeans founded what important city in the South of France?

Answer 30

Marseille

Question 31

What was the traditional language of the Languedoc?

Answer 31

Occitan

Question 32

Cabernet Sauvignon is a natural cross of what two grapes?

Answer 32

Cabernet Franc x Sauvignon Blanc

Question 33

Syrah is a natural cross of what two grapes?

Answer 33

Mondeuse Blanche x Dureza

Question 34

What three varieties of Muscat grow in France?

Answer 34

Muscat á Petit Grains, Muscat d'Alexandrie Muscat Ottonel

Question 35

Chardonnay is a natural cross of what two grapes?

Answer 35

Pinot x Gouais Blanc

Question 36

Define "Diurnal"

Answer 36

Daily; of each day | e.g. diurnal temperature swing

Question 37

What river cuts through the vineyards of Champagne, as well as the City of Paris?

Answer 37

The Seine

Question 38

In French, a rive that flows into a body of water like a sea or lake is called what?

Answer 38

A fleuve

Question 39

In French, a river that flows into another river is called what?

Answer 39

A riviére

Question 40

Define the Napoléonic Code of Inheritance

Answer 40

A decree that mandated all inheritable property be evenly divided between each child in the family

Question 41

What historically important porject first connected Toulouse to the Mediterranean?

Answer 41

The Canal de Midi

Question 42

Define "Bordeaux Mixture"

Answer 42

A copper sulphate solution used to combat fungal diseases

Question 43

What are the two governing bodies for biodynamic farming practices?

Answer 43

Dementer (founded in Germany) and Biodyvin (founded in France); Biodyvin certifies vineyards only.

Question 44

Define "coulure"

Answer 44

Poor fruit set caused by cloudy, cold and/or wet weather at flowering

Question 45

Define "Véraison"

Answer 45

The point at which berries change colour and soften

Question 46

Define "marcottage"

Answer 46

Vine propagation by layering

Question 47

T or F: Guyot is a form of cane training

Answer 47

TRUE

Question 48

T or F: Cordon is a form of cane training?

Answer 48

False: It is a form of spur training.

Question 49

What is the French term for a bush trained vine?

Answer 49

Gobelet

Question 50

Define "must"

Answer 50

Unfermented grape juice.

Question 51

Define "debourage"

Answer 51

Juice settling

Question 52

In the 14th century, the Papacy moved its headquarters from Rome to what French city?

Answer 52

Avignon, in the Rhone Valley

Question 53

What historical figure first united Gaul under one rule and one religion?

Answer 53

Clovis, King of the Franks

Question 54

Define "transversage"

Answer 54

Process in which 750ml bottles of champagne are used to fill larger / smaller bottles after disgorgement.

Question 55

Define "dosage"

Answer 55

A mix of still wine and sugar added to a bottle of sparkling wine after disgorgement; determines final sweetness level

Question 56

Define "pupitres"

Answer 56

The traditional A-framed structures used in the champagne riddling process.

Question 57

Define "remuage"

Answer 57

The process by which lees are moved to the neck of the sparkling wine bottle in preparation for disgorgement; also known as riddling.

Question 58

Define "prise de mousse"

Answer 58

"The seizing of the foam" ie the second fermentation in traditional method of sparkling wine production.

Question 59

Define "Sur Lattes"

Answer 59

The placement of sparkling wine bottles on their side between lattes, ie thin pieces of wood; the 2nd fermentation takes place at this stage.

Question 60

Define "Sur lie" aging

Answer 60

The process of aging wine in contact with its dead yeast cells

Question 61

Define "autolysis"

Answer 61

The decomposition of dead yeast cells

Question 62

Define "Claret"

Answer 62

British term for the red wines of Bordeaux

Question 63

A wine display at the Exposition Universelle of 1855 in Paris resulted in what famous document?

Answer 63

The Classification of 1855

Question 64

Define "Graben"

Answer 64

A rift valley created when land sinks between two parallel faults

Question 64

Define "Graben"

Answer 64

A rift valley created when land sinks between two parallel faults

Question 65

As a general rule, grapes are picked how many days after véraison?

Answer 65

45

Question 66

Define "macération peliculaire"

Answer 66

Skin contact in white wine making

Question 67

What production method utilizes an anerobic environment to encourage an enzymatic fermentation.

Answer 67

Carbonic Maceration

Question 68

What is the name for the process of adding sugar to a must to increase the final alcohol level?

Answer 68

Chaptalization

Question 69

Define "Stuck Fermentation"

Answer 69

A fermentation that accidentally stops before all of the sugar has been converted to alcohol.

Question 70

Define "lees"

Answer 70

Dead yeast cells

Question 71

Define "battonage"

Answer 71

Lees stirring

Question 72

What is the name for the conversion of malic acid to lactic acid?

Answer 72

Malolactic conversion

Question 73

Bentonite, Casein and Gelatin are common agents in what process?

Answer 73

Fining

Question 74

What is the name for the "bleeding method" of rosé production?

Answer 74

Saignée

Question 75

Why might a winemaker cold stabilize their wine?

Answer 75

To remove tartaric acid before bottling so that it does not precipitate out after bottling.

Question 76

What people introduced formal viticulture to the Celtic tribes of "Gaul"?

Answer 76

Phocaeans, Greeks from Asia Minor

Question 77

Define "bonbonnes"

Answer 77

Glass demi-johns

Question 78

Define "pigeage"

Answer 78

Punching down the cap; a cap management technique

Question 79

Define "délestage"

Answer 79

Rack and return; a cap management technique

Question 80

Define "rémontage"

Answer 80

Pump over; a cap management technique

Question 81

Define "vin de goutte"

Answer 81

Free-run juice