Fundamentals Flashcards
(265 cards)
1
Q
Preventative Healthcare focuses on
A
education
-why you should use your seatbelt, or here are some stress management techniques
2
Q
Primary Healthcare is
A
prenatal care or well child visits
3
Q
Secondary Healthcare deals with
A
diagnosis and treatment
4
Q
Tertiary Healthcare is
A
acute care
ICU, burn center, oncology center…something more specialized
5
Q
Restorative Healthcare focuses on
A
getting you back to your basic level of functioning
Home health centers, rehab facilities, skilled nursing facilities
6
Q
Continuing Healthcare is
A
something you will need indefinitely
end of life care, palliative care, hospice care, assisted living facilities
7
Q
Occupational Therapy focuses
A
on a client’s actives of daily living
8
Q
Physical Therapy focuses on
A
gross motor skills
9
Q
Speech-Language pathologist
A
evaluates and makes recommendations regarding the impact of disorders or injuries on speech, language, and swallowing
10
Q
Advocacy means that we will
A
support and defend our client
11
Q
Responsibility means that we will
A
respect our obligations and follow through on promises
12
Q
Accountability means that we will
A
answer for our actions
13
Q
Confidentiality is the
A
protection of privacy
14
Q
Beneficence means that we will
A
promote good for others, without any self-interest
15
Q
Fidelity is a
A
fulfillment of your promise
16
Q
Justice is
A
fairness and care delivery and use of resources
17
Q
Nonmalefeficence means a
A
commitment to do no harm
18
Q
Veracity is a
A
commitment to tell the truth
19
Q
Unintentional torts
A
Negligence
Malpractice
20
Q
Quasi-intentional torts (some intent)
A
Breach of confidentiality
Defamation of character
21
Q
Intentional torts
A
Assault
Battery
False Imprisonment
22
Q
The 5 elements necessary to prove negligence
A
Duty to provide care as defined by a standard
Breach of duty by failure to meet standards
Foreseeability of harm
Breach of duty has potential to cause harm
Harm occurs
23
Q
Responsibilities for informed consent
A
Provider obtains informed consent
Client gives informed consent
Nurse witnesses the informed consent
24
Q
Informed consent means the client understands
A
The reason for the procedure/treatment
How the procedure/treatment will benefit the client
The risks
Other options
25
What do you need to document?
Factual
Complete
Organized
Current
26
When taking a telephone order
WRITE IT DOWN
then read it back
27
Incident reports are NOT documented
in the client's chart, they are documented internally for auditing
28
PIE
Problem
Intervention
Evaluation
29
DAR
Data
Action
Response
30
RN may NOT delegate
ANY part of the nursing process
31
5 Rights of Delegation
Task
Circumstance
Client
Direction and Communication
Supervision and Evaluation
32
Virulence
the ability of a pathogen to invade and injure host
33
Stages of Infection
Incubation - pre symptoms
Prodromal stage - more distinct findings; early stage of symptoms
Illness stage - more severe symptoms
Convalescence - acute findings disappear
34
When client is having a seizure
NEVER put anything in their mouth
STAY with them
Call for help, possibly RRT
Administer any PRN meds
Take note of duration/type of seizure
Take VS after seizure subsides
35
Hard Lock Restraints may be applied for (time)
4 hrs - adult
2 hrs - 9-17 y/o
1 hr - under 9 y/o
36
Soft Lock Restraints may be applied for (time)
24 hrs
37
Field Triage
Disaster is larger than the resources available
38
Class 1 - RED - Emergent/Immediate
Life-threatening injury
i.e. arterial bleed, severe burn, head injury, airway issue
39
Class 2 - YELLOW - Urgent/Delayed
Major injuries that are not life-threatening
i.e. open fracture (won't kill you within the next 30 min to 2 hrs)
40
Class 3 - GREEN - Minor/Nonurgent
Minor injuries not life-threatening
i.e. laceration (also called the walking wounded)
41
Class 4 - BLACK - Expectant
Lowest priority, will not survive; provide "field hospice" care
i.e. exposed brain matter, pulses, impaled
42
Active Shooter
Run
Hide
Fight
43
Primary level of Prevention
Healthy clients
Immunizations, using car seats/seatbelts, exercise, health ed
44
Secondary level of Prevention
Identify Illness
Disease screening, early detection of DM, physical activities of exercise for elderly clients
45
Tertiary level of Prevention
Preventing long term consequences of illness/injury
Preventing of pressure ulcers, independence after traumatic brain injury, rehab centers
46
Cognitive Domain of learning
Thinking, Knowledge, Comprehension, Analyzing
47
Affective Domain of learning
Feelings, Beliefs and Values
48
Psychomotor Domain of learning
Skills; mental and physical
49
Infants (0-12 mo)
Erikson: Trust vs Mistrust
Piaget: sensorimotor
Head to Foot in Motor Skills development
Fontanels - posterior closes first 2-3 mo; anterior closes second 12-18 mo
Infants will loose 5-10% of their weight initially, but should gain it back by the second week of life; weight will double by 4-6 mo and triple by 1 yr
Aspiration, Bodily harm, Burns, Drowning, Falls, Poisoning, MV injury, Suffication
50
Toddlers (1-3 yrs)
Erikson: Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt
Piaget: sensorimotor transitions to pre operational
Motor skills - speaking short sentences by 2 yo,
Aspiration, Bodily harm, Burns, Drowning, Falls, Poisoning, MV injury, Suffication
51
Preschoolers (3-6 yrs)
Initiative vs Guilt
Piaget: pre operational
Motor skills - lots of language and social development; magical thinking
Bodily harm, Burns, Drowning, MV injury, Poisoning
52
School-age Children (6-12 yrs)
Industry vs Inferiority
Piaget - concrete operations
Puberty wil start, permanent teeth
Bodily harm, Burns, Drowning, MV injuries, Substance abuse/Poisoning
53
Adolescents (12-20 yrs)
Erikson: Identity vs Role Confusion
Piaget: formal operations
Puberty will complete by the end of adolescence, determine sexuality
Bodily harm, Burns, Drowning, MV injuries, Substance use disorder, Sexuality, Pregnancy prevention
54
Young Adults (20-35 yrs)
Erikson: Intimacy vs Isolation
Piaget: formal operations
Done growing
Avoid alcohol, tobacco, and drugs, wearing a seatbelt/helmeet, smoke/carbon monoxide detectors
55
Middle Adults (35-65 yrs)
Erikson: Generativity vs Stagnation
Piaget: formal operations
Mid-life crisis, body image changes, menopause
56
Older Adult (65+ yrs)
Erikson: Integrity vs Despair
Piaget: formal operations
Systems changes: skin, cardiopulmonary, neuro, GI, MSK, GU, endo, immune
Delirium (sudden onset caused by something physiological) vs Dementia (slower, progressive, chronic; can't improve it)
57
Heat loss through Conduction
transfer of heat from the body directly to another surface
body immersed in cold water
58
Heat loss through Radiation
transfer of heat from one object to another object without contact between them
sitting in a cold room
59
Heat loss through Convection
dispersion of heat by air currents
wind blowing across skin
60
Heat loss through Evaporation
dispersion of heat through water vapor
prespiration
61
Heat loss through Diaphoresis
visible perspiration on the skin
62
Oral Temp range
36-38 C (96.8-100.4 F)
Avg 98.6
63
Rectal Temp
0.5 C higher than oral
64
Axillary Temp
0.5 C lower than oral
65
Pulse Strength
0 - absent
1+ - weak
2+ - expected, brisk
3+ - strong
4+ - bounding
66
PERRLA
Pupils are Equal, Round, and Reactive to Light and Accommodation
67
Rinne
bone conduction vs air conduction
68
Weber
right ear vs left ear
69
Bronchial
loud, high-pitched over the trachea
70
Brochiovesicular
blowing sounds over the main bronchi
71
Vesicular
soft, breezy over the periphery of the lungs
72
Crackles
Fine or coarse bubbly, fluid in the alveoli
73
Wheezes
high-pitched, musical
74
Ronchi
coarse, loud, low-pitched rumbling
75
Pleural friction rub
dry, grating, or rubbing sound
76
Normal heart sounds
S1 and S2
77
Gallop is heard by
S3
78
Strong atrial contraction heard by
S4
79
Systolic murmurs occur after
S1
80
Diastolic murmurs occur after
S2
81
Thrill is a
palpable vibration that accompanies murmur or a cardiac malformation
82
Bruit is a
blowing, swishing sound heard with stethoscope
83
Cyanosis
bluish tint in skin
84
Pallor
loss of color in skin, paleness
85
Jaundice
yellowish color in skin
86
Erythema
redness in skin
87
Macule
non palpable, skin color change; <1cm
freckle
88
Papule
palpable, circumscribed, solid elevation of skin; <1cm
elevated nevus
89
Nodule
palpable, deep, firm; 1-2cm
wart
90
Vesicle
serous fluid-filled; <1cm
herpes simplex, blister, varicella
91
Pustule
pus-filled; size varies
acne
92
Tumor
solid mass, deep; >1-2cm
epithelioma
93
Wheal
palpable, irregular borders, edematous
insect bite
94
Atrophy
thinning of skin with loss of normal skin furrow
95
Erosion
lost epidermis, moist surface, no bleeding
ruptured vesicle
96
Crust
dried blood, serum, or pus
scab
97
Scale
flakes of skin that exfoliate
dandruff, eczema
98
Fissure
linear crack
tines pedis
99
Ulcer
loss of epidermis and dermis with possible bleeding, scarring
pressure injury
100
General Adaptation Syndrome
Alarm - "fight or flight"
Resistance - body functions normalize back to homeostasis
Exhaustion - no longer able to maintain a response; recovery or death
101
Stages of Grief
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
102
Types of Grief
Normal
Anticipatory
Complex - delayed, chronic, exaggerated, masked
Disenfranchised - not culturally acceptable or cannot be publicly shared
103
Diabetic foot care
Lotion feet, but NOT between toes
Wear close-toed, hard sole shoes
Clean cotton socks
Nails are filed straight accross
Foot care by podiatrist
NO soaking feet, use of heat
104
Hypersomnolence
excessive daytime sleepiness lasting at least 3 mo
105
Factors that Interfere with Sleep
Physiologic disorders
Current life events
Emotional stress or mental illness
Diet
Exercise
Fatigue
Sleep environment
Medications
Substance use
106
Clear Liquid Diet
anything you can see through when held up to the light
broth, jello, popsicles, coffee
107
Full Liquid Diet
clear liquid plus liquid dairy products
yogurt, milkshake, creamy soups (no particles of food)
108
Pureed Diet
full liquid plus pureed meats, fruits, and eggs
109
Mechanical Soft Diet
clear and full liquids plus diced or ground foods
110
Soft/low-residue Diet
foods that are low and fiber and easy to digest
eggs, dairy products, bananas
111
High-fiber Diet
whole grains, raw and dried fruits
112
Low Sodium Diet
no added salt, or 1-2 g sodium
113
Low Cholesterol Diet
no more than 300 mg/d of dietary cholesterol
114
Diabetic Diet
balanced intake of proteins, fats, and carbs; ~1800 calories
115
Dysphagia Diet
pureed food and thickened liquids
116
Regular Diet
no restrictions
117
Idiopathic Pain
chronic pain without a known cause, or pain that exceeds typical pain levels associated with the client's condition
118
Nociceptive Pain
arises from damage to or inflammation of tissue
Somatic
Visceral
Cutaneous
119
Somatic Pain
bones, joints, muscle, skin, or connective
120
Visceral Pain
in internal organs; described as cramps, squeezing, or heavy
121
Cutaneous Pain
in the skin or subcutaneous tissue
122
Neuropathic Pain
abnormal or damaged nerves
pins/needles, shooting, burning, tingling, electric-like, and numbness
123
Opioid analgesic adverse effects
Sedation
Respiratory depression
Orthostatic hypotension
Urinary retention
Nausea/vomiting
Constipation
124
Aloe
wound healing
125
Chamomile
anti-inflammatory
126
Echinacea
enhances immunity
127
Garlic
inhibits platelet aggregation (aspirin)
128
Ginger
antiemetic
129
Ginkgo Biloba
improves memory
130
Ginseng
increase physical endurance
131
Valerian
promotes sleep and reduces anxiety
132
Bowel control starts at
about 2-3 yrs
133
Fluid requirement for bowel elimination
2L - women
3L - men
134
Tyramine Interaction
do not eat when taking MAOI's - monoamine oxidase inhibitors
hypertensive crisis
135
Vitamin K Interaction
decrease therapeutic effects of warfarin
136
Dairy Interaction
with tetracycline
137
Grapefruit Interaction
with Calcium Channel Blockers
138
Caffeine Interaction
with theophylline (asthma control agent)
excessive CNS excitation
139
Antacids/Vit C Interaction
taking aluminum-containing antacids with citrus beverages can result in excessive absorption of aluminum
140
Pregnancy Risk Categories
A - no evidence of risk
B - no evidence of risk to animal fetus; no studies of humans
C - adverse effects on animals but not on humans
D - adverse effects on humans, but benefits may outweigh risks
X - should not be used
141
Nasal Cannula
24-44% at a flow rate 1-6 L/min
provide humidification for flow rates 4 L/min and greater
142
Simple Face Mask (oxygen delivery)
35-50% at a flow rate 6-12 L/min
more comfortable than nasal cannula
143
Partial rebreather mask (oxygen delivery)
60-75% at a flow rate 6-11 L/min
allows for easy humidification of oxygen and client is able to rebreathe up to 1/3 of exhaled air together w/room air
144
Non-rebreather mask (oxygen delivery)
80-95% at a flow rate 10-15 L/min
delivers highest O2 concentration (other than intubation)
145
Venturi mask (oxygen delivery)
24-50% at a flow rate 4-12 L/min
most precise oxygen concentration
146
Aerosol mask (oxygen delivery)
24-200% at a flow rate at least 10 L/min
useful for clients with facial trauma, burns, and thick secretions or ones who don't tolerate masks well
147
Oxygen Toxicity can result from
high concentrations of oxygen; >50%
long duration of therapy; >24-48 hr
148
Chest Physiotherapy is used
on clients who cannot clear airways of thick secretions
149
NG Tube Indications
Decrompression
Feeding
Lavage
Compression
Collection (Data)
150
Large-bore tubes are used for
Lavage
Decompression
Aspiration
151
Orogastric Tubes are
large-bore tubes with wide proximal ends to be used for lavage and gastric emptying
152
Double lumen tube is the
most common NG tube used; mostly for decompression but sometimes for irrigation
major advantage is that it can be used with continuous suction
Salem sup tube
153
Triple lumen tube
Used for upper GI bleed from esophageal varices used **only in emergencies** when endoscopy is unavailable
Sengstaken-Blakemore
154
When inserting an NG tube, and encountering resistance, _______ or ________ , and attempt to readvance.
rotate
withdraw it slightly
155
When removing an NG tube, inject ________, ____________, or ________ to clear the tube of fluid and make sure it is free of debris.
10mL water
10mL 0.9% NS
30-50mL of air
156
When removing an NG tube, ask the patient to ______________ to prevent aspiration.
take a deep breath and hold it
157
During enteral feedings, client should be elevated
at least 30 degrees, and stay that way for at least 30 min after feeding
158
Types of formulas for enteral feedings: Modular and Polymeric
Single-nutrient and whole-nutrient formulas and require a functioning gastrointestinal tract that can absorb whole nutrients.
159
Types of formulas for enteral feedings: Elemental
Contain predigested nutrients that are easy for a partially functional gastrointestinal tract to absorb
160
Types of formulas for enteral feedings: Specialty
meet specific nutritional needs for clients who have a conditions such as HIV, liver failure, or clients who have pulmonary disease.
161
When measuring a nasointestinal tube for insertion
measure from the nose to the clients earlobe, and from the earlobe to the xiphoid process plus **20 to 30 cm more**
162
Wound Dressings: damp to damp
used to mechanically decried a wound until granulation tissue starts to form in the wound bed
163
Wound Dressings: hydrocolloid
promote healing in stage 2 pressure injuries by creating a moist wound bed
164
Wound Dressings: hydrogel
composition is mostly water
for infected, deep wounds or necrotic tissue
165
Wound Dressings: alginates
used for stage 3 and 4 pressure ulcers to absorb exudate
166
Wound Dressings: collagen
powders, pastes, sheets, gels
helps stop bleeding and promotes healing
167
Dehiscense
partial or total rupture of a sutured wound
168
Evisceration
dehiscence involves protrusion of visceral organs
169
Dehydration signs and symptos
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Hypotension
Hypoxia
dizzy, confused, weak, thirsty, fatigue, decreased urine output, diminished skin turgor, flat veins, seizures
elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit
elevated sodium level
170
Fluid Volume Overload signs and symptoms
Tachycardic
Bounding pulse
HTN
Tachypnea
confused, paresthesia, seizures, crackles, ascitis, dyspnea, pitting edema, weight gain, cool skin
hemoglobin and hematocrit is decreased
sodium decreased
BUN decreased
171
Nonpharmacologic Interventions
Basic Comfort Measures - proper positioning and therapeutic environment
Cutaneous Stimulation- heat/cold, TENS
Cognitive and Behavioral Strategies - changing the way a client percieves pain
Distraction - prayer, music, deep breathing, games
Relaxation - meditation, yoga
Imagery - focusing on pleasant thoughts
Acupuncture and Acupressure
172
Chronic Pain
chronic/persistent is lasting longer than 6 months; sometimes categorized as cancer pain or noncancer pain
173
Acute Pain
protective, temporary, usually, self-limiting, has a direct cause, and resolves with tissue healing
**lasting less than 6 months**
174
No-one should judge another pain experience
"Pain is whatever the person says it is occurring whenever the person says it does" - Margo Mccaffery
175
Four Phases of Nociceptive Pain
Transduction
Transmission
Perception
Modulation
176
Why do depression and pain coexist?
Pain and depression use the same neural pathways and the same neurotransmitters
177
Analgesics, or pain killers
medications that relieve different types of pain
Opioids
Non opioids
Adjuvant analgesics
178
Allodynia
when things that shouldn't cause pain, do cause pain (feather's touch or clothing)
179
Opioids
Exogenous: morphine, fentanyl, codeine, oxycodone
Endogenous: endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins
180
Non opioids
acetaminophen and NSAIDS
181
Adjuvant Analgesics
primary indication is not pain; antidepressants, anti epileptics, antiemetics, glucocorticoids
182
Absorption
Process by which medication **enters** the **blood stream**
183
Distribution
Process by which medication is **delivered** to the **target cells and tissues**
184
Metabolism (Drug Binding)
Process by which drug is **chemically changed** in the body
185
Excretion
Process of **removing** the drug or its **metabolites from the body**
186
Pharmacokinetics
The process by which a drug **moves through the body** and is eventually eliminated; consists of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
187
Pharmacodynamics
The **physiologic and biochemical** effects of a drug on the body
May be systemic or local
188
Medication Interaction
When a medications effects are altered by the concurrent presence of other medications or food
Synergism- increases drug’s effects
Antagonism - decreases a drug’s effects
189
[In]Compatability
In some cases, a drug will precipitate from solutions, or **chemically inactivate**, if mixed with other medications
190
Drugs known to cause birth defects
Teratogenic
191
Some drugs are immediately absorbed in the liver
First pass metabolism
192
Enteroheptic Cycling
When drugs pass through the liver and are secreted back into the small intestine in the bile
193
Entry rate of a drug into the tissue depends on:
1. The rate of blood flow into the tissue
2. The tissue mass
3. The rate at which entry/exit of the drug molecules between blood and tissue equlibriate
194
Three Checks of Medication Administration
1. Read the eMAR and select the proper medication from the supply system
2. After retrieving the medication, compare it to the eMAR
3. At the bedside after verifying the pt recheck again against eMAR
195
Six Rights of Medication Administration
Right Patient
Right Drug
Right Dose
Right Route
Right Time
Right Documentation
196
Insulin is injected [with and into]
With 1-mL syringe with 26-30 gauge
Into upper arm, anterior or lateral aspects of thigh, buttocks, or abdomen
100U = 1 mL
197
IM injections are given [with and into]
With 3 mL syringe and a 20-25 gauge, 1-3 in needle
Into deltoid, rectus femoris, ventrogluteal, vastus lateralis (infant)
198
ID injections are given with
1 mL syringe with a short, half-inch small gauge 26-28
199
kg to lb
Multiply by 2.2
1 kg = 2.2 lb
200
oz to mL
Multiply by 30
1 oz = 30 mL
201
Tablespoons to mL
Multiply by 15
1 tbsp = 15 mL
202
Teaspoons to mL
Multiply by 5
1 teaspoon = 5 mL
203
Inches to centimeters
Multiply by 2.54
1 in = 2.54 cm
204
Cups to ounces
Multiply by 8
1 cup = 8 oz
205
Pints to cups
Multiply by 2
1 pint = 2 cups
206
Cups to milliliters
Multiply by 240
1 cup = 240 mL
207
Pounds to ounces
Multiply by 16
1 lb = 16 oz
208
Fahrenheit to Celsius
-32
x5
/9
209
Celsius to Fahrenheit
x9
/5
+32
210
Airborne precautions for _______, __________, and __________
MTV
measles, tb, varicella
211
Purulent
Thick, opaque and odorous build up from infection
212
First Phase of Wound Healing
Hemostasis; vasoconstriction, aggregation, and clot formation
213
Second Phase of Wound Healing
Inflammatory; vasodilation and phagocytosis
214
Third Phase of Wound Healing
Proliferation; rebuilding new tissue
215
Fourth Phase of Wound Healing
Maturation; scar tissue is formed
216
pH needed for wound healing
7.0-7.6
217
Progress of an Infection: Phase 1
Incubation: time between the pathogen’s entrance into the host and the appearance of symptoms
218
Progress of an Infection: Phase 2
Prodromal: nonspecific symptoms such as nausea, fever, general weakness, or aches and pains
219
The functional part of the kidney is the
Nephron
220
How many nephrons does each kidney have?
More than **1 million**
221
Where is urine stored?
The bladder
222
Where does filtration take place/begin?
The glomerulus
223
Bowman’s Capsule
Surrounds the glomerulus
224
Average amount of urine per void
250-400mL
225
Normal Urine color, clarity, and odor
Light yellow, clear, without sediment, and aromatic
226
Most common microorganism that causes UTI
E. coli
227
Altered Urinary Function: polyuria
Brain injury patient
228
Noninvasive technology that can estimate the volume of urine in the bladder
Bladder scan (ultrasound)
229
What type of collection do you get if sterile urine is not necessary?
Random urine specimen
230
24-hr specimen needs to be restarted if:
Any of the urine is **discarded**
It is contaminated with **stool**
It is contaminated with **toilet paper**
231
T/F: It is normal to have ketones present in the urine.
False
232
Two most common **blood tests** to detect kidney disease
BUN and Creatinine
233
Catheterization performed by RN vs patient
RN: procedure is **sterile**
Patient: procedure is **clean**
234
Intermittent catheterization
Every 6-8 hrs
235
Altered Urinary Function: nocturia
CHF
236
Prompted Voiding
Involves the use of regular checks (every 2 hrs) to determine whether the or perceives the urge to void
237
Bladder Training
Pts suppress the urge to void before scheduled times.
238
Once foley cath is removed, pt should void when
Within 8hrs
239
Cystitis
UTI in the bladder
240
Urethritis
UTI in the urethra
241
Pyelonephritis
UTI of the ureters, renal pelvis, or renal parenchyma
242
Urosepsis
Infection spreads to systemic circulation
Common in older adults as the bladder wall thins
243
CAUTI
Catheter acquired UTI
244
Fiber recommendations
**25-38g** of dietary fiber
Fruits and vegetables are high in fiber
245
To promote soft stool consistency and promote bowel elimination
2L - women
3L - men
246
Opioids and iron cause
Constipation
247
Antibiotics cause
Diarrhea
248
Paralytic ileus (pseudo-obstruction)
Disruption in normal peristalsis, leading to potential blockage of bowel contents
249
Borborygmi
Loud bowel sounds
250
Annual fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is recommended for
colorectal cancer screening starting at age 45
251
What can cause a false positive FOBT?
Red meat
Iron
Bismuth compounds
Steroids
252
Colonoscopy is recommended
every 10 years
253
Small-volume enemas are designed to be retained
up to 30 min
254
Large-volume enemas can be used as
Treatment for constipation
Method of cleansing the bowel before radiologic studies or surgery of the intestines
255
Return-flow enemas should be placed
12-18in above the rectum
256
Gastric decompression is indicated for
Bowel obstruction
Paralytic ileus
Some GI surgeries
257
Gastric lavage is indicated for
Accidental poisoning
Accidental/Intentional drug OD
258
What is the treatment for fecal impaction?
Digital disimpaction, done by MD
259
Most common cause of healthcare-acquired diarrhea.
C. diff
260
Enema should be inserted how far?
Adults - 3-4 in
Children - 2-3 in
261
The ability to perceive stimulation through the sensory organs that include the nose, eyes, and mouth
Sensation
262
The process by which we receive, organize, and interpret the internal and external sensations
Perception
263
Hyponatremia manifestations include
Abdominal cramping
Weakness
Confusion
Lethargyƒ
Headache
Nausea
264
What is an exogenous HAI?
an infection acquired from pathogens outside the client's body
265
When removing PPE consisting of a gown, N95 respirator, gloves, and a face shield, which do you remove first when removing PPE seperately?
Gloves
