Fundamentals: Chapter 31

Question 1

What is the chemical name of a medication?

Answer 1

An exact description of its composition and molecular structure

Question 2

What is the generic name of a medication?

Answer 2

the name given to a medication by the manufacturer who first develops it

Question 3

What is the trade name of a medication?

Answer 3

the name under which a manufacturer markets a medication

Question 4

What is a medication classification?

Answer 4

indicates the effect of the medication on a body system, the symptoms the medication relieves, or its desired effect

Question 5

What is the study of how medications enter the body, reach their site of action, metabolize, and exit the body?

Answer 5

pharmacokinetics

Question 6

What is the passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of medication administration?

Answer 6

absorption

Question 7

What route of administration produces the most rapid absorption?

Answer 7

IV

Question 8

When is medication absorption complete?

Answer 8

When it is absorbed into the blood

Question 9

Which three factors effect the ability of a medication to dissolve?

Answer 9

Blood flow to the site of administration

Body surface area

Lipid solubility

Question 10

How does body surface area effect absorption of medications?

Answer 10

large surface area = faster absorption rate

Question 11

Which three factors effect the distribution of a medication?

Answer 11

Circulation

Membrane permeability

Protein binding

Question 12

What kind of medications can pass through the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 12

fat-soluble

Question 13

How does protein binding effect distribution of a medication?

Answer 13

medications bound to albumin cannot exert pharmacological activity

Question 14

How does age effect protein binding?

Answer 14

Older adults have less protein, therefore less medication binds to protein which leads to increased med activity and/or toxicity.

Question 15

What happens to medication once it reaches the site of action?

Answer 15

it becomes metabolized into a less active or inactive form that is easier to excrete

Question 16

What is the term for the removal of the toxic quality of a substance?

Answer 16

detoxify

Question 17

Where does most biotransformation occur?

Answer 17

liver

Question 18

Where is a medication excreted after metabolism?

Answer 18

Kidneys, Liver, bowel, lungs, and exocrine glands

Question 19

What is the purpose of deep breathing and coughing?

Answer 19

helps patients to eliminate anesthetic gases more rapidly

Question 20

What is the main organ for medication excretion?

Answer 20

kidney

Question 21

What are the types of medication actions?

Answer 21

Therapeutic

Adverse

Side

Toxic

Idiosyncratic

Allergic

Question 22

What is the therapeutic effect?

Answer 22

the expected or predicted physiological response to a medication

Question 23

What is a side effect?

Answer 23

predictable and often unavoidable secondary effects produced at a usual therapeutic dose

Question 24

What are adverse effects?

Answer 24

unintended, undesirable, and often unpredictable severe responses to medications

Question 25

What are idiosyncratic reactions?

Answer 25

patient overreacts or under-reacts to a medication has a reaction different from normal

Question 26

What is a severe allergic reaction characterized by?

Answer 26

sudden constriction of bronchiolar muscles, edema of the pharynx and larynx, server wheezing, SOB

Question 27

What is a synergistic effect?

Answer 27

when two medications have a combined effect that is greater than the effect of medications when given separately

Question 28

What are time critical medications?

Answer 28

meds in which early or delayed administration of maintenance doses (30 min before/after) will most likely cause harm or result in sub-therapeutic responses in a patient.

Question 29

What is the time it takes after a medication is administered for it to produce a response?

Answer 29

Onset

Question 30

What is the time it takes for a medication to reach it's highest effective concentration?

Answer 30

Peak

Question 31

What is term for when the minimum blood serum concentration of a medication reached just before the next scheduled dose?

Answer 31

Trough

Question 32

What is the time during which the medication is present in concentration great enough to produce a response?

Answer 32

Duration

Question 33

What is the term for when the therapeutic blood serum concentration of a medication has been reached and is maintained after repeated doses?

Answer 33

Plateau

Question 34

What is the easiest and most commonly used route for medication administration?

Answer 34

Oral

Question 35

When giving a sublingual medication, what is an important nursing education for the patient?

Answer 35

Do not drink anything until the medication is completely dissolved

Question 36

When giving buccal meddications, what is an important nursing education for the patient?

Answer 36

alternate cheeks with each subsequent dose, do not chew or swallow, do not take any liquids

Question 37

Explain the epidural route:

Answer 37

medications administered in the epidural space via a catheter

Question 38

Explain the intrathecal route:

Answer 38

medications administered through a catheter placed in the subarachnoid space or one of the the ventricles of the brain.

Question 39

Explain the Intraosseous route:

Answer 39

infusion of medication directly into the bone marrow

Question 40

Explain intraperitoneal route:

Answer 40

medications administered into the peritoneal cavity

Question 41

Explain the intrapleural route:

Answer 41

a syringe and needle or a chest tube is used to administer medications directly into the pleural

Question 42

What is the pleurodesis?

Answer 42

instilling medications through the intraplural route that help resolve persistent pleural effusion

Question 43

Explain the intraarterial route:

Answer 43

medications adminstered directly into the arteries

Question 44

What situations are intraarterial infusions common?

Answer 44

in patients who have arterial clots

Question 45

What are the 5 ways nurses can administer medications to mucous membranes?

Answer 45

Direct via liquid or ointment Inserting into body cavity Instilling fluid into a body cavity Irrigating a body cavity Spraying into body cavity

Question 46

Pediatric IM doses do not usually exceed ______ml in small children and ______ml in infants.

Answer 46

1ml 0.5ml

Question 47

Pediatric subcutaneous doses do not usually exceed _____ml.

Answer 47

0.5ml

Question 48

To what decimal places are pediatric doses usually rounded to?

Answer 48

thousandths

Question 49

Who can write a medication order?

Answer 49

Physician Nurse Practitioner Physician's Assistant

Question 50

Within how much time of receiving a "now order" must the nurse administer the medication?

Answer 50

90 minutes

Question 51

What are the 4 steps to medication reconciliation?

Answer 51

1. Verify 2. Clarify 3. Reconcile 4. Transmit

Question 52

What are the best subcutaneous injection sites?

Answer 52

outer posterior aspect of the upper arms, the abdomen from below the costal margins to the iliac crests, and the anterior aspects of the thighs

Question 53

What is the angle of insertion for IM injections?

Answer 53

90º

Question 54

What is the angle of insertion for subcutaneous injections?

Answer 54

45º-90º

Question 55

What is the angle of insertion for intradermal injections?

Answer 55

15º

Question 56

What are the best intramuscular (IM) injection sites?

Answer 56

Ventrogluteal Vastus Lateralis Deltoid

Question 57

What is the most dangerous route method for administering medications?

Answer 57

IV bolus, or "push"

Question 58

When giving IM injections, what technique is used to protect subcutaneous tissues from irritating parenteral fluids?

Answer 58

Z-track method